A Systematic Review of Gut Microbiota Diversity: A Key Player in the Management and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by impaired insulin production and action, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. This systematic review investigates the association between gut microbiota composition and diversity, along with the structural and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome, and their implications for the risk, prevention, and management of both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search across multiple databases yielded 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The findings highlight the potential of gut microbiota interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic supplementation, in improving metabolic parameters and glycemic control. Notably, the review underscores the importance of dietary interventions and the role of specific microbial populations in influencing diabetes outcomes. Despite the promising results, the variability in study designs, sample sizes, and methodologies poses challenges for generalizability and interpretation. This review emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and to explore personalized microbiome-based therapies in diabetes management. The insights gained could pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at harnessing gut health to mitigate the burden of diabetes mellitus.