Martin J E
Health Phys. 1986 Jan;50(1):57-64. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198601000-00004.
The amount of 14C in low-level radioactive wastes is important for determining the future impacts of their disposal. New regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 61 (10 CFR 61) require quantitation of 14C and other radionuclides in such wastes not amenable to measurement by gamma spectroscopy. Sampling was done of major waste streams at the Palisades pressurized water reactor (PWR) and the Big Rock Point boiling water reactor (BWR) to determine quantities of 14C in the waste streams for comparison with other reported studies. Analyses were performed by releasing all 14C constituents in the waste samples in the form of 14CO2 by chemical processing or by heating the samples in a tube furnace containing CuO2 catalyst and trapping the evolved gas in a liquid scintillator for counting. The largest amounts of 14C were found in the resins and filters used for reactor water cleanup, a result which is similar to those of the available studies. From these data, the annual amounts of 14C in wastes from nominal PWRs and BWRs were estimated to be 4.7 and 0.5 Ci/GW(e)-yr, respectively.
低放废物中¹⁴C的含量对于确定其处置的未来影响至关重要。《联邦法规法典》第10编第61部（10 CFR 61）中的新规定要求对这类无法用伽马能谱法测量的废物中的¹⁴C和其他放射性核素进行定量分析。对帕利塞兹压水反应堆（PWR）和大岩角沸水反应堆（BWR）的主要废物流进行了采样，以确定废物流中¹⁴C的含量，以便与其他已报道的研究结果进行比较。分析方法是通过化学处理将废物样品中的所有¹⁴C成分以¹⁴CO₂的形式释放出来，或者在装有CuO₂催化剂的管式炉中加热样品，并将逸出的气体捕集在液体闪烁计数器中进行计数。在用于反应堆水净化的树脂和过滤器中发现了最多的¹⁴C，这一结果与现有研究结果相似。根据这些数据，标称压水反应堆和沸水反应堆每年产生的废物中¹⁴C的量分别估计为4.7和0.5居里/吉瓦（电）·年。
