Kunz C
Health Phys. 1985 Jul;49(1):25-35. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198507000-00002.
A long-term-sampling evaluation was made of the quantity, discharge pathway, and chemical form of 14C released from 2 pressurized water reactors (PWR) and 1 boiling water reactor (BWR) in the northeastern United States. For the R. E. Ginna PWR the discharge rate of gaseous 14C was 11.6 Ci/GW(e)-yr. Venting of gas decay tanks accounted for 42%, while 35% was discharged through auxiliary building ventilation and 23% through containment venting. The average chemical composition was 10% as 14CO2, 90% as 14CH4 and other hydrocarbon gases. For the Indian Point Unit 3 PWR, the discharge rate was 9.6 Ci/GW(e)-yr, primarily by pressure-relief venting and purging of the containment air. Venting of gas decay tanks accounted for about 7% of the total released. The chemical species were 26% 14CO2, 74% 14CH4 and other hydrocarbon gases. For the J. A. FitzPatrick BWR, the discharge rate was 12.4 Ci/GW(e)-yr. Approximately 97% of the release was via off-gas discharge, which was about 95% 14CO2. For all 3 reactors the quantity of 14C released with liquid and solid wastes was less than 5% of the gaseous release.
对美国东北部两座压水反应堆（PWR）和一座沸水反应堆（BWR）释放的¹⁴C的量、排放途径和化学形态进行了长期抽样评估。对于R.E.吉纳压水反应堆，气态¹⁴C的排放率为11.6居里/吉瓦（电）·年。气体衰变箱的排放占42%，而35%通过辅助厂房通风排放，23%通过安全壳通风排放。平均化学组成是10%为¹⁴CO₂，90%为¹⁴CH₄和其他烃类气体。对于印第安角3号压水反应堆，排放率为9.6居里/吉瓦（电）·年，主要通过安全壳空气的卸压通风和吹扫排放。气体衰变箱的排放约占总释放量的7%。化学物种为26%的¹⁴CO₂，74%的¹⁴CH₄和其他烃类气体。对于J.A.菲茨帕特里克沸水反应堆，排放率为12.4居里/吉瓦（电）·年。约97%的释放是通过废气排放，其中约95%为¹⁴CO₂。对于所有三座反应堆，随液体和固体废物释放的¹⁴C量不到气态释放量的5%。
