Han Inkyu, Samarneh Lara, Stock Thomas H, Symanski Elaine
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
Transp Res D Transp Environ. 2018 Aug;63:706-717. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2018.07.010. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
Traffic-related air and noise pollution on or near major roadways have been examined but these pollutants have not been extensively investigated away from major roadways in residential communities, especially in the United States. To evaluate the impact of trucks and trains passing nearby on air and noise pollution in residential areas during non-rush hours, we simultaneously measured concentrations of size-resolved airborne particulate matter (PM) and sound pressure levels as A-weighted equivalent (dBA) with frequencies in three underserved communities adjacent to industrial facilities in Houston, TX. We found that median concentrations for PM (particle size ≤ 1 μm) and PM (particle size ≤ 10 μm) were highest when trucks passed by at sampling locations, followed by periods when trains passed by. PM and PM concentrations were lowest at background (defined when there was no truck or train traffic near the monitoring location). Median PM (particle size ≤ 2.5 μm) mass concentrations were 19.8 μg/m (trains), 16.5 μg/m (trucks), and 13.9 μg/m (background). Short-term increases in noise were attributed to trains and trucks passing nearby as well. The median noise levels were the highest when trains passed by (66.7 dBA) followed by periods when trucks were in the vicinity of the monitoring locations (62.5 dBA); background levels were 58.2 dBA. The overall Spearman correlation coefficients between air and noise pollution were between 0.09 and 0.46. Hence, we recommend that both air pollutant and noise levels be concurrently evaluated for accurate exposure assessment related to traffic sources in residential communities.
人们已经对主要道路上或其附近与交通相关的空气和噪音污染进行了研究，但在居民区远离主要道路的区域，尤其是在美国，这些污染物尚未得到广泛调查。为了评估非高峰时段附近行驶的卡车和火车对居民区空气和噪音污染的影响，我们在德克萨斯州休斯顿市毗邻工业设施的三个服务不足的社区，同时测量了不同粒径的空气中颗粒物（PM）浓度以及频率加权等效连续A声级（dBA）的声压级。我们发现，在采样点，当卡车经过时，PM（粒径≤1μm）和PM（粒径≤10μm）的中位数浓度最高，其次是火车经过的时段。在背景状态下（定义为监测地点附近无卡车或火车通行时），PM和PM浓度最低。PM（粒径≤2.5μm）的中位数质量浓度分别为：火车经过时19.8μg/m³、卡车经过时16.5μg/m³、背景状态下为l3.9μg/m³。噪音的短期增加也归因于附近经过的火车和卡车。火车经过时的中位数噪音水平最高（6∘.7dBA），其次是卡车在监测地点附近的时段（62.5dBA）；背景噪音水平为58.2dBA。空气和噪音污染之间的总体斯皮尔曼相关系数在0.09至0.46之间。因此，我们建议同时评估空气污染物和噪音水平，以便对居民区与交通源相关的暴露情况进行准确评估。
