Duxbury Scott W, Andrabi Nafeesa
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Sociology.
Carolina Population Center.
Soc Probl. 2024 Aug;71(3):912-937. doi: 10.1093/socpro/spac044. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
Despite decades of crime decline, police surveillance has continued to expand through a range of tactics oriented towards policing social disadvantage. Yet, despite attention to the linkages between residential inequality and policing, few studies have accounted for two intertwined structural developments since the turn of the 21st century: (1) the shift away from spatially concentrated patterns of racial segregation within urban centers towards sprawling patterns of economic segregation and (2) the turn from reactive policing towards proactive surveillance. Using the case of big data policing, we create a new measure of big data surveillance in metropolitan areas to examine how changes in segregation have affected the expansion of proactive police surveillance. In contrast to theoretical accounts emphasizing the role of police surveillance in governing economic inequality and perpetuating racial segregation, we do not find evidence that racial segregation or income inequality increase big data surveillance. Instead, much of the recent rise in big data policing is explained by increases in sprawling patterns of income segregation. These results provide new insight into the linkages between policing and residential inequality and reveal how changes in metropolitan segregation influence criminal justice surveillance in the era of big data.
尽管几十年来犯罪率一直在下降，但警方的监控却通过一系列针对社会弱势群体治安管理的策略持续扩大。然而，尽管人们关注居住不平等与治安管理之间的联系，但自21世纪初以来，很少有研究考虑到两个相互交织的结构性发展：（1）从城市中心内种族隔离的空间集中模式向经济隔离的分散模式转变；（2）从被动警务向主动监控的转变。以大数据警务为例，我们创建了一种衡量大都市地区大数据监控的新方法，以研究隔离的变化如何影响主动警务监控的扩张。与强调警方监控在治理经济不平等和使种族隔离永久化方面作用的理论观点不同，我们没有发现种族隔离或收入不平等会增加大数据监控的证据。相反，最近大数据警务的大幅增加很大程度上是由收入隔离的分散模式增加所解释的。这些结果为治安管理与居住不平等之间的联系提供了新的见解，并揭示了大都市隔离的变化如何在大数据时代影响刑事司法监控。
