美国按年龄、种族和性别划分的警察使用武力致人死亡的风险。
Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race-ethnicity, and sex.
机构信息
School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102;
Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 20;116(34):16793-16798. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1821204116. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Abstract
We use data on police-involved deaths to estimate how the risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States varies across social groups. We estimate the lifetime and age-specific risks of being killed by police by race and sex. We also provide estimates of the proportion of all deaths accounted for by police use of force. We find that African American men and women, American Indian/Alaska Native men and women, and Latino men face higher lifetime risk of being killed by police than do their white peers. We find that Latina women and Asian/Pacific Islander men and women face lower risk of being killed by police than do their white peers. Risk is highest for black men, who (at current levels of risk) face about a 1 in 1,000 chance of being killed by police over the life course. The average lifetime odds of being killed by police are about 1 in 2,000 for men and about 1 in 33,000 for women. Risk peaks between the ages of 20 y and 35 y for all groups. For young men of color, police use of force is among the leading causes of death.
摘要
我们利用涉及警察的死亡数据来估计美国不同社会群体中因警察使用武力而被杀害的风险差异。我们估计了不同种族和性别的人一生中因警察使用武力而被杀害的风险以及特定年龄的风险。我们还提供了警察使用武力导致的死亡人数占比的估计值。我们发现，非裔美国男性和女性、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民男性和女性以及拉丁裔男性一生中因警察使用武力而被杀害的风险高于他们的白人同龄人。我们发现，拉丁裔女性和亚裔/太平洋岛民男性和女性因警察使用武力而被杀害的风险低于他们的白人同龄人。黑人男性的风险最高，（以目前的风险水平）他们一生中被警察杀害的几率约为 1/1000。男性一生中被警察杀害的平均几率约为 1/2000，女性约为 1/33000。所有群体的风险峰值出现在 20 岁至 35 岁之间。对于有色人种的年轻男性来说，警察使用武力是导致死亡的主要原因之一。
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