Thomson A B, Keelan M, Clandinin M T, Walker K
J Clin Invest. 1986 Jan;77(1):279-88. doi: 10.1172/JCI112288.
The influence of dietary fatty acid composition on intestinal active and passive transport function, brush border membrane composition, and morphology was examined in rats. Animals fed a semisynthetic diet high in saturated fatty acids demonstrated enhanced in vitro jejunal uptake of decanoic, dodecanoic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid, as well as cholesterol and chenodeoxycholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acid, as compared with uptake in animals fed a semisynthetic diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids but equivalent in total content of fat and other nutrients, or as compared with Purina chow. Feeding the saturated fatty acid diet was also associated with reduced jejunal uptake of a range of concentrations of glucose, enhanced ileal uptake of leucine, unchanged uptake of galactose, and lower uptake of decanol. The semisynthetic diets did not alter brush border membrane protein, sucrase or alkaline phosphatase activities, cholesterol, or total phospholipids, although the percentage of jejunal amine phospholipids was higher than in rats fed chow. The morphologic differences between the jejunum and ileum were abolished in animals fed the high polyunsaturated fatty acid diet; in rats fed the high saturated fatty acid diet, there was reduced mean ileal villus height, width, thickness, surface area, cell size, and villus density, as well as reduced mucosal surface area. The changes in jejunal transport were not correlated with the alterations in morphology, unstirred layer resistance, food intake, or body weight gain. It is proposed that small changes in the percentage of total dietary lipids composed of essential and nonessential fatty acids (without concurrent alterations in dietary total fat, carbohydrate, or protein) influence active and passive intestinal transport processes in the rat.
在大鼠中研究了饮食脂肪酸组成对肠道主动和被动转运功能、刷状缘膜组成及形态的影响。与喂食高多不饱和脂肪酸但脂肪和其他营养素总含量相当的半合成饮食的动物相比，或与普瑞纳饲料喂养的动物相比，喂食高饱和脂肪酸半合成饮食的动物空肠对癸酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸以及胆固醇、鹅去氧胆酸和牛磺鹅去氧胆酸的体外摄取增强。喂食饱和脂肪酸饮食还与一系列浓度葡萄糖的空肠摄取减少、亮氨酸的回肠摄取增强、半乳糖摄取不变以及癸醇摄取降低有关。尽管空肠氨基磷脂的百分比高于喂食饲料的大鼠，但半合成饮食并未改变刷状缘膜蛋白、蔗糖酶或碱性磷酸酶活性、胆固醇或总磷脂。喂食高多不饱和脂肪酸饮食的动物空肠和回肠之间的形态学差异消失；喂食高饱和脂肪酸饮食的大鼠，回肠绒毛平均高度、宽度、厚度、表面积、细胞大小和绒毛密度降低，粘膜表面积也减小。空肠转运的变化与形态学、静止层阻力、食物摄入量或体重增加的改变无关。有人提出，饮食中必需脂肪酸和非必需脂肪酸占总脂质百分比的微小变化（饮食中总脂肪、碳水化合物或蛋白质无同时改变）会影响大鼠肠道的主动和被动转运过程。
