评估澳大利亚药剂师实施疫苗接种的前 5 年：为服务扩展提供信息。

Assessment of the first 5 years of pharmacist-administered vaccinations in Australia: learnings to inform expansion of services.

机构信息

National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

出版信息

Public Health Res Pract. 2024 Oct 23;34(3):3432420. doi: 10.17061/phrp3432420.

DOI:10.17061/phrp3432420

PMID:39443092

Abstract

UNLABELLED

Objectives and importance of the study: Pharmacist-administered vaccination has expanded in Australia but has not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed to assess the pharmacists' role in vaccination in Australia before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the completeness of data on pharmacist-administered immunisations.

STUDY TYPE

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

We analysed data on pharmacist-administered vaccinations that were reported to the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR) between 2016 and 2019, categorised by gender, jurisdiction, age group and vaccine type. We conducted a national survey of community pharmacists providing vaccination services during June and July 2020 to understand how pharmacists record and report vaccinations to the AIR. We assessed data completeness by comparing the number of vaccinations reported by surveyed pharmacists to the number recorded on the AIR.

RESULTS

576 780 pharmacist-administered vaccinations were recorded on the AIR between 2016 and 2019, of which 94.7% were influenza vaccines. The proportion of vaccinations given by pharmacists increased each year, from <0.001% in 2016 to 2.7% in 2019. Between 2017 and 2019, rates of pharmacist-administered vaccinations were highest among people aged 60-64 years (2046 per 100 000 people) and those living in regional areas (1074 per 100 000 people). Among 243 survey respondents, 57.8% (126/223) reported vaccinations to the AIR automatically via software, 27.8% (62/223) manually entered data and 13.5% (30/223) used both methods. Of the 87 665 vaccination encounters recorded by 121 respondents, 82.2% (72 045/87 665) were recorded on the AIR. There were more AIR-recorded encounters from those who reported automatically via software (84.8% [49 309/58 134]) than from those who manually entered data (68.3% [12 127/17 746]).

CONCLUSIONS

Pharmacists have an increasing role in providing vaccination services in Australia, with great potential to improve coverage among adults and populations in regional locations. Measures introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the uptake of electronic methods of recording and reporting data, which can improve data completeness. Our results provide an assessment of the first 5 years of pharmacist vaccination services in Australia, against which future evaluations of the impacts of policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic can be compared.

摘要

目的和重要性

在澳大利亚，药剂师实施的疫苗接种已经有所扩大，但尚未进行全面评估。本研究旨在评估在 COVID-19 大流行的前一年和第一年期间，药剂师在疫苗接种方面的作用，以及向澳大利亚免疫登记处（AIR）报告的药师接种疫苗数据的完整性。

研究类型

横断面研究。

方法

我们分析了 2016 年至 2019 年间向澳大利亚免疫登记处（AIR）报告的药师接种疫苗的数据，按性别、司法管辖区、年龄组和疫苗类型进行了分类。我们于 2020 年 6 月至 7 月对提供疫苗接种服务的社区药剂师进行了一项全国性调查，以了解药剂师如何向 AIR 记录和报告疫苗接种情况。我们通过比较接受调查的药剂师报告的疫苗接种数量与 AIR 上记录的疫苗接种数量来评估数据的完整性。

结果

2016 年至 2019 年间，AIR 共记录了 576780 次药师接种疫苗，其中 94.7%为流感疫苗。每年由药剂师接种的疫苗比例都在增加，从 2016 年的<0.001%增加到 2019 年的 2.7%。在 2017 年至 2019 年期间，60-64 岁人群（每 100000 人中有 2046 人）和居住在地区的人群（每 100000 人中有 1074 人）的药师接种疫苗率最高。在 243 名调查对象中，57.8%（126/223）通过软件自动向 AIR 报告疫苗接种情况，27.8%（62/223）手动输入数据，13.5%（30/223）同时使用两种方法。在 121 名受访者记录的 87665 次疫苗接种中，82.2%（72045/87665）记录在 AIR 中。通过软件自动报告的接种次数（84.8%[49309/58134]）多于手动输入数据的接种次数（68.3%[12127/17746]）。

结论

药剂师在澳大利亚提供疫苗接种服务的作用不断增强，在提高成年人和地区人群的覆盖率方面具有巨大潜力。在 COVID-19 大流行期间引入的措施可能增加了电子数据记录和报告方法的采用，从而提高了数据的完整性。我们的研究结果提供了对澳大利亚药剂师接种疫苗服务前 5 年的评估，这可以作为未来比较 COVID-19 大流行期间政策变化影响的基准。