Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 23;14(1):24994. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73878-8.
In humans, perspiration regulates core body temperature. Therefore, objectively evaluating it is essential for studying sweat gland function and mechanisms, particularly in antiperspirant efficacy studies. Various approaches have been developed for measuring human perspiration and evaluating antiperspirant efficacy, but are unsuitable for robust and routine clinical testing applications. This paper shows how infrared thermography, utilizing both high- and low-resolution modes, functions as a multiscale imaging modality. The high-resolution mode extracts physiological parameters (respiratory ~ 0.3 Hz and heart rate ~ 1.0 Hz) and visualizes the reduction of the sweat pore radii (from 359 ± 155 μm to 161 ± 47 μm) after antiperspirant application, consistent with known mechanisms of pore plugging and constriction induced by aluminum salts. The low-resolution mode quantitatively maps sweat retention in underarm clothing. All study participants in a clinical trial showed reduced sweat retention on their T-shirts due to antiperspirants, with reductions ranging from approximately 37-97% and an average reduction of 77.7 ± 22.1% using the developed methodology and tested antiperspirant. Overall, this non-invasive technique presents significant potential for clinical and personal care product evaluations, particularly in the early stages of product development.
在人体中，出汗可调节核心体温。因此，客观评估出汗对于研究汗腺功能和机制至关重要，特别是在止汗剂功效研究中。已经开发出各种方法来测量人体出汗并评估止汗剂的功效，但这些方法不适合用于强大且常规的临床测试应用。本文展示了红外热成像如何利用高分辨率和低分辨率模式作为一种多尺度成像模式发挥作用。高分辨率模式提取生理参数（呼吸0.3 Hz 和心率1.0 Hz），并可视化止汗剂应用后汗孔半径减小（从 359 ± 155 μm 减小到 161 ± 47 μm），这与铝盐引起的孔堵塞和收缩的已知机制一致。低分辨率模式定量绘制腋下衣物中的汗液保留量。临床试验中的所有研究参与者的 T 恤上由于止汗剂而减少了汗液保留，减少幅度约为 37-97%，使用开发的方法和测试的止汗剂平均减少 77.7 ± 22.1%。总的来说，这种非侵入性技术在临床和个人护理产品评估方面具有重要的潜力，特别是在产品开发的早期阶段。
