Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, UCL-Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, Fitzrovia, London, W1W 7TY, UK.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2023 Aug;45(4):426-443. doi: 10.1111/ics.12852. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Sweating is the human body's thermoregulation system but also results in unpleasant body odour which can diminish the self-confidence of people. There has been continued research in finding solutions to reduce both sweating and body odour. Sweating is a result of increased sweat flow and malodour results from certain bacteria and ecological factors such as eating habits. Research on deodorant development focuses on inhibiting the growth of malodour-forming bacteria using antimicrobial agents, whereas research on antiperspirant synthesis focuses on technologies reducing the sweat flow, which not only reduces body odour but also improves people's appearance. Antiperspirant's technology is based on the use of aluminium salts which can form a gel plug at sweat pores, obstructing the sweat fluid from arising onto the skin surface. In this paper, we perform a systematic review on the recent progress in the development of novel antiperspirant and deodorant active ingredients that are alcohol-free, paraben-free, and naturally derived. Several studies have been reported on the alternative class of actives that can potentially be used for antiperspirant and body odour treatment including deodorizing fabric, bacterial, and plant extracts. However, a significant challenge is to understand how the gel-plugs of antiperspirant actives are formed in sweat pores and how to deliver long-lasting antiperspirant and deodorant benefits.
出汗是人体的体温调节系统，但也会导致令人不快的体臭，从而降低人们的自信心。人们一直在不断研究如何减少出汗和体臭。出汗是汗液流量增加的结果，而异味则是某些细菌和生态因素（如饮食习惯）的结果。关于除臭剂开发的研究重点是使用抗菌剂抑制产生异味的细菌的生长，而关于止汗剂合成的研究则侧重于减少汗液流量的技术，这不仅可以减少体臭，还可以改善人们的外表。止汗剂的技术基于使用铝盐，它可以在汗孔中形成凝胶塞，阻止汗液流到皮肤表面。本文对新型无酒精、无对羟基苯甲酸酯、天然衍生的止汗剂和除臭剂活性成分的最新进展进行了系统评价。已经有几项关于替代活性成分的研究报告，这些替代活性成分可能可用于止汗和体臭处理，包括除臭织物、细菌和植物提取物。然而，一个重大的挑战是要了解止汗剂活性成分的凝胶塞是如何在汗孔中形成的，以及如何提供持久的止汗和除臭效果。
