Sarantopoulos Andreas, Ene Chibawanye, Aquilanti Elisa
School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
NPJ Precis Oncol. 2024 Oct 23;8(1):241. doi: 10.1038/s41698-024-00717-4.
Immunomodulatory therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have drastically changed outcomes for certain cancer types over the last decade. Gliomas are among the cancers that have seem limited benefit from these agents, with most trials yielding negative results. The unique composition of the glioma immune microenvironment is among the culprits for this lack of efficacy. In recent years, several efforts have been made to improve understanding of the glioma immune microenvironment, aiming to pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss some of the main components of the glioma immune microenvironment, including macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils and microglial cells, as well as lymphocytes. We then provide a comprehensive overview of novel immunomodulatory agents that are currently in clinical development, namely oncolytic viruses, vaccines, cell-based therapies such as CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells as well as antibodies and peptides.
在过去十年中，包括免疫检查点抑制剂在内的免疫调节疗法极大地改变了某些癌症类型的治疗结果。胶质瘤是从这些药物中获益有限的癌症之一，大多数试验都产生了阴性结果。胶质瘤免疫微环境的独特组成是疗效不佳的原因之一。近年来，人们做出了多项努力来增进对胶质瘤免疫微环境的了解，旨在为新型治疗干预措施铺平道路。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了胶质瘤免疫微环境的一些主要组成部分，包括巨噬细胞、髓源性抑制细胞、中性粒细胞和小胶质细胞，以及淋巴细胞。然后，我们全面概述了目前正在临床开发中的新型免疫调节药物，即溶瘤病毒、疫苗、基于细胞的疗法，如嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T细胞）和嵌合抗原受体自然杀伤细胞（CAR-NK细胞），以及抗体和肽。
