Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Meghe, Maharashtra, 442107, India.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2024 Oct 23;43(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00658-5.
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and a significant contributor to temporary and permanent disabilities worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the burden of primary and residual cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of young adults in the Russian city of Kazan.
This case-control study used the Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) classification system, which has been validated in several countries. The study included 191 individuals aged 25-44 years who met the inclusion criteria but did not meet any exclusion criteria. Data collection involved a patient card with questions from the World Health Organization's STEPS instrument, face-to-face patient interviews, and a physical examination. Anthropometric assessments included height, weight, and waist circumference measurements. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance measurements. Patients also underwent in-depth laboratory biochemical analyses.
The study cohort was comprised of 97 females (50.8%) and 94 males (49.2%). The median age of participants was 35.00 years [IQR: 30.00-39.00]. The study cohort showed an increase in all anthropometric parameters, with abdominal obesity and overweight reaching 100% in the CMDS 3. Apart from atherogenic lipids and raised blood pressure, other risk factors that precipitate residual risk and were not part of CMDS, such as insulin levels, insulin resistance, leptin values, and hyperuricemia, increased as CMDS levels increased.
The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high in young adults in Kazan. This study highlights the need for the early identification and management of cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases later in life.
心血管疾病是全球范围内导致死亡的主要原因，也是导致暂时性和永久性残疾的重要因素。本研究旨在调查俄罗斯喀山年轻成年人样本中主要和残余心血管代谢风险因素的负担。
本病例对照研究使用了已在多个国家得到验证的心血管代谢疾病分期（CMDS）分类系统。该研究纳入了 191 名年龄在 25-44 岁之间的符合纳入标准但无任何排除标准的个体。数据收集包括载有世界卫生组织 STEPS 工具问题的患者卡片、面对面的患者访谈和体格检查。人体测量评估包括身高、体重和腰围测量。使用生物电阻抗测量评估身体成分。患者还接受了深入的实验室生化分析。
研究队列由 97 名女性（50.8%）和 94 名男性（49.2%）组成。参与者的中位年龄为 35.00 岁[IQR：30.00-39.00]。研究队列的所有人体测量参数均有所增加，CMDS 3 级中腹部肥胖和超重达到 100%。除了致动脉粥样硬化脂质和血压升高外，其他导致残余风险且不属于 CMDS 的风险因素，如胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗、瘦素值和高尿酸血症，随着 CMDS 水平的升高而增加。
喀山年轻成年人的心血管代谢风险因素患病率较高。本研究强调了在年轻成年人中早期识别和管理心血管代谢风险因素的必要性，以预防日后发生心血管疾病。
