Aacharya Chetan, Sharma Sachin Kumar, Balkrishna Acharya, Telles Shirley
Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.
Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.
Int J Yoga. 2024 May-Aug;17(2):116-123. doi: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_87_24. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
Previously, yoga breathing improved mood states and attention but the effect of varying breath frequency on mood and attention was not clear.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of changes in breath frequency on attention, mood, vigor, and affect states.
Thirty participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 27.3 ± 4.2 years) were assessed on 2 separate days practicing either high-frequency yoga breathing (HFYB, breath frequency 54.23/min) or bumblebee yoga breathing (BBYB, breath frequency 3.97/min) in random order. Assessments included blood pressure (BP), cancellation test scores, Nijmegen (to check for hyperventilation), respiration (rate, height of the breath wave [depth], and duration of inhalation relative to exhalation), mood states, vigor, and affect states.
Diastolic BP increased after HFYB, whereas systolic BP decreased after BBYB, after both sessions scores in a cancellation test increased (changes in cancellation test performance suggest alertness and test-directed attention), also global vigor (signifying mental energy) and global affect (related to being "happy" and "calm") scores increased, whereas negative mood decreased after HFYB session ( < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test).
Both HFYB and BBYB increased attention test scores, possibly due to cortical activation (HFYB) or relaxation (BBYB). In HFYB, breath frequency and inspiration duration increased suggestive of increased sympathetic activity, accounting for increased vigor, positive affect, and diastolic BP. In contrast in BBYB, low breath frequency, higher breath amplitude, and prolonged expiration suggestive of parasympathetic activity may account for the decreased systolic BP after BBYB.
此前，瑜伽呼吸可改善情绪状态和注意力，但呼吸频率变化对情绪和注意力的影响尚不清楚。
本研究的目的是确定呼吸频率变化对注意力、情绪、活力和情感状态的影响。
30名参与者（平均年龄±标准差，27.3±4.2岁）在两天内分别进行高频瑜伽呼吸（HFYB，呼吸频率54.23次/分钟）或蜂鸣瑜伽呼吸（BBYB，呼吸频率3.97次/分钟）练习，顺序随机。评估包括血压（BP）、划消测验分数、奈梅亨测试（检查是否过度通气）、呼吸（频率、呼吸波高度[深度]以及吸气与呼气持续时间）、情绪状态、活力和情感状态。
HFYB后舒张压升高，而BBYB后收缩压降低，两次练习后划消测验分数均增加（划消测验表现的变化表明警觉性和测试定向注意力），整体活力（表示精神能量）和整体情感（与“快乐”和“平静”相关）分数也增加，而HFYB练习后负面情绪降低（<0.05，Wilcoxon符号秩检验）。
HFYB和BBYB均提高了注意力测试分数，可能是由于皮质激活（HFYB）或放松（BBYB）。在HFYB中，呼吸频率和吸气持续时间增加，提示交感神经活动增强，这解释了活力、积极情感和舒张压增加的原因。相比之下，在BBYB中，低呼吸频率、较高呼吸幅度和延长的呼气提示副交感神经活动，这可能是BBYB后收缩压降低的原因。
