Miret Durazo Carla Isabella, Zachariah Saji Stephin, Rawat Akash, Motiño Villanueva Ada L, Bhandari Amit, Nurjanah Tutut, Ryali Niharika, Zepeda Martínez Ismael Germán, Cruz Santiago Josue A
General Practice, Centro de Estudios Universitarios Xochicalco, Escuela de Medicina Tijuana, Tijuana, MEX.
General Medicine, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela, PHL.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 23;16(9):e70005. doi: 10.7759/cureus.70005. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Aspirin, traditionally recognized for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antiplatelet effects, has recently attracted attention for its potential role in cancer prevention. Initially studied for cardiovascular disease prevention, emerging evidence suggests that aspirin may reduce the risk of certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). This narrative review integrates findings from early studies, animal models, epidemiological data, and clinical trials to evaluate aspirin's efficacy as a chemopreventive agent. Aspirin's anticancer effects are primarily attributed to its cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibition, which decreases prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and disrupts cancer-related signaling pathways. While epidemiological studies support an association between aspirin use and reduced cancer incidence and mortality, especially for CRC and potentially for breast (BC) and prostate cancers (PCa), the risk of adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal (GI) and intracranial bleeding, complicates its use and warrants careful consideration. The decision to use aspirin for cancer prevention should be individualized, balancing its therapeutic benefits against potential adverse effects. It also underscores the necessity for further research to refine dosage guidelines, assess long-term impacts, and explore additional biomarkers to guide personalized cancer prevention strategies.
阿司匹林传统上因其止痛、抗炎、退热和抗血小板作用而闻名，最近其在癌症预防中的潜在作用引起了关注。最初对其进行的研究是用于预防心血管疾病，新出现的证据表明，阿司匹林可能降低某些癌症的风险，尤其是结直肠癌（CRC）。这篇叙述性综述整合了早期研究、动物模型、流行病学数据和临床试验的结果，以评估阿司匹林作为化学预防剂的疗效。阿司匹林的抗癌作用主要归因于其对环氧合酶（COX）的抑制，这会降低前列腺素E2（PGE2）水平并破坏与癌症相关的信号通路。虽然流行病学研究支持使用阿司匹林与降低癌症发病率和死亡率之间存在关联，尤其是对于结直肠癌，可能还有乳腺癌（BC）和前列腺癌（PCa），但诸如胃肠道（GI）和颅内出血等不良反应的风险使其使用变得复杂，需要仔细考虑。使用阿司匹林进行癌症预防的决定应因人而异，要在其治疗益处与潜在不良反应之间进行权衡。这也强调了进一步研究的必要性，以完善剂量指南、评估长期影响，并探索其他生物标志物以指导个性化的癌症预防策略。
