Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Res Notes. 2024 Oct 24;17(1):322. doi: 10.1186/s13104-024-06976-5.
Dietary patterns are important factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We examined the association between dietary patterns derived from factor analysis and CVD risk factors.
In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 3,687 adults (aged 40 to 70 years) with one or more types of CVDs were enrolled as participants. A validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was utilized to assess food intakes, and then dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the odds ratio (OR) of CVD risk factors associated with posteriori dietary patterns. In this study, healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns were identified.
Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (OR = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.99) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06-1.64). Additionally, greater adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern was positively associated with SBP (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.13-1.80) and diastolic BP (DBP) (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01-1.76).
We concluded that greater adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with an increase in SBP and DBP. On the other hand, greater adherence to a healthy dietary pattern could be effective in reducing SBP. Further investigation is recommended to validate these findings.
饮食模式是与心血管疾病（CVD）相关的重要因素。我们研究了因子分析得出的饮食模式与 CVD 危险因素之间的关系。
在本横断面研究中，共纳入 3687 名患有一种或多种 CVD 的成年人（年龄 40 至 70 岁）作为研究对象。采用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷评估食物摄入量，然后通过因子分析提取饮食模式。测量空腹血糖（FBS）、血脂谱、人体测量指数和血压（BP）。采用多变量调整的 logistic 回归分析确定与后天饮食模式相关的 CVD 危险因素的比值比（OR）。在本研究中，确定了健康和不健康的饮食模式。
遵循健康的饮食模式与收缩压（SBP）降低相关（OR=0.78；95%置信区间[CI]：0.62-0.99）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平升高相关（OR=1.32；95%CI：1.06-1.64）。此外，不健康饮食模式的依从性与 SBP（OR=1.43；95%CI：1.13-1.80）和舒张压（DBP）（OR=1.33；95%CI：1.01-1.76）呈正相关。
我们得出结论，不健康饮食模式的依从性增加与 SBP 和 DBP 升高有关。另一方面，更严格地遵循健康饮食模式可能有助于降低 SBP。建议进一步研究验证这些发现。
