Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020 Dec;40:300-308. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of death, worldwide. Although for decades the associations between individual foods and nutrients and CVDs have been investigated, little attention has been paid to dietary patterns. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors among Iranian adults.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 236 adults who attended public health centers. Dietary intakes were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and biochemical biomarkers were measured using standardized methods. Dietary patterns derived using the factor analysis. Logistic regression assessed the odds of CVD risk factors across tertiles of data-driven dietary patterns.
We identified three dietary patterns. After adjusting for possible confounders, we observed that participants in the third category of the healthy dietary pattern (HDP) had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10-0.64) compared to those in the first category. Adherence to the mixed pattern was associated with increased odds of high serum TC in men only (OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.06-12.81). However, women with higher adherence to the Western dietary pattern (WDP) had higher odds of high serum TG (OR = 5.61; 95% CI: 1.69-18.59), and those with a greater adherence to HDP had lower odds of low HDL-C (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07-0.98).
This study showed that adherence to HDP may protect against a low level of HDL-C, whereas mixed and Western-type diets may contribute to high serum TG levels. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the potential causality of the observed associations.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球主要的死亡原因。尽管几十年来，人们一直在研究各种食物和营养素与 CVDs 之间的关系，但对饮食模式的关注甚少。因此，本研究旨在探讨伊朗成年人饮食模式与 CVD 危险因素之间的关系。
本横断面研究纳入了 236 名前往公共卫生中心的成年人。采用有效的食物频率问卷收集饮食摄入情况。采用标准化方法测量社会人口统计学特征、人体测量学指标和生物化学生物标志物。使用因子分析得出饮食模式。采用逻辑回归评估数据驱动的饮食模式三分位数与 CVD 危险因素的比值比。
我们确定了三种饮食模式。在调整了可能的混杂因素后，我们发现，与第一类人群相比，健康饮食模式（HDP）第三类人群的低 HDL-C 发生几率较低（OR=0.26；95%CI：0.10-0.64）。混合模式的依从性与男性高血清 TC 几率增加有关（OR=3.69；95%CI：1.06-12.81）。然而，较高的西方饮食模式（WDP）依从性与女性高血清 TG 几率升高有关（OR=5.61；95%CI：1.69-18.59），而较高的 HDP 依从性与低 HDL-C 几率降低有关（OR=0.25；95%CI：0.07-0.98）。
本研究表明，HDP 的依从性可能有助于预防 HDL-C 水平降低，而混合和西方饮食模式可能导致血清 TG 水平升高。未来需要进行纵向研究，以评估观察到的关联的潜在因果关系。
