Aleksejeva Svetlana, Meija Laila, Zolovs Maksims, Ciprovica Inga
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia.
Department of Rehabilitation, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 10;17(2):243. doi: 10.3390/nu17020243.
Hormonal changes throughout a woman's life cycle significantly affect serum lipid levels. Alterations in the serum lipid profile can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Additionally, nutrition and dietary habits are crucial for managing dyslipidemia. The current study evaluated the association between dietary habits and plasma lipid profiles among perimenopausal women in Latvia. The randomized clinical trial involved perimenopausal women ( = 61) aged 49 ± 3 years with moderately high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of 3.61 ± 0.30 mmol L. A series of questionnaires were completed, including a questionnaire on the subject's demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, health, physical activity, and dietary factors, a 24 h food diary, a 72 h food diary, and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Blood testing was conducted for all participants, which included total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and glucose level analyses. The consumption of refined sugar, honey, syrup, and jam demonstrated a strong positive association with higher levels of remnant cholesterol (β = 0.462, ≤ 0.05) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (β = 0.395, ≤ 0.05). Similarly, the consumption of fruit juices is associated with increased LDL-C (β = 0.303, ≤ 0.05) and non-HDL-C (β = 0.285, ≤ 0.05). Conversely, higher meat and poultry consumption negatively correlates with TC levels (β = -0.290, ≤ 0.05). This underscores the need for further examination to understand the impact of dietary habits on lipid profile.
女性整个生命周期中的激素变化会显著影响血脂水平。血脂谱的改变会增加心血管疾病（CVDs）的风险。此外，营养和饮食习惯对于控制血脂异常至关重要。本研究评估了拉脱维亚围绝经期女性的饮食习惯与血浆脂质谱之间的关联。这项随机临床试验纳入了年龄在49±3岁、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平中度偏高（3.61±0.30 mmol/L）的围绝经期女性（n = 61）。完成了一系列问卷，包括关于受试者的人口统计学、人体测量学、生活方式、健康状况、身体活动和饮食因素的问卷、24小时食物日记、72小时食物日记以及食物频率问卷（FFQ）。对所有参与者进行了血液检测，包括总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALAT）和血糖水平分析。精制糖、蜂蜜、糖浆和果酱的摄入量与较高水平的残留胆固醇（β = 0.462，P≤0.05）和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（非HDL-C）（β = 0.395，P≤0.05）呈强正相关。同样，果汁的摄入量与LDL-C升高（β = 0.303，P≤0.05）和非HDL-C升高（β = 0.285，P≤0.05）有关。相反，较高的肉类和家禽摄入量与TC水平呈负相关（β = -0.290，P≤0.05）。这突出了进一步研究以了解饮食习惯对脂质谱影响的必要性。
