Liu Samuel, Alexander Kellianne D, Francis Michael M
Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
J Dev Biol. 2024 Oct 11;12(4):27. doi: 10.3390/jdb12040027.
As nervous systems mature, neural circuit connections are reorganized to optimize the performance of specific functions in adults. This reorganization of connections is achieved through a remarkably conserved phase of developmental circuit remodeling that engages neuron-intrinsic and neuron-extrinsic molecular mechanisms to establish mature circuitry. Abnormalities in circuit remodeling and maturation are broadly linked with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Here, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular processes that govern neural circuit remodeling and maturation. In particular, we focus on intriguing mechanistic insights gained from invertebrate systems, such as the nematode and the fruit fly . We discuss how transcriptional control mechanisms, synaptic activity, and glial engulfment shape specific aspects of circuit remodeling in worms and flies. Finally, we highlight mechanistic parallels across invertebrate and mammalian systems, and prospects for further advances in each.
随着神经系统的成熟，神经回路连接会进行重组，以优化成年人特定功能的表现。这种连接的重组是通过发育性回路重塑这一显著保守的阶段实现的，该阶段涉及神经元内在和外在的分子机制来建立成熟的神经回路。回路重塑和成熟的异常与多种神经发育障碍广泛相关，包括自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症。在这里，我们旨在概述我们对控制神经回路重塑和成熟的分子过程的理解的最新进展。特别是，我们关注从无脊椎动物系统（如线虫和果蝇）中获得的有趣的机制见解。我们讨论转录控制机制、突触活动和神经胶质吞噬如何塑造线虫和果蝇中回路重塑的特定方面。最后，我们强调无脊椎动物和哺乳动物系统之间的机制相似性，以及各自进一步进展的前景。
