Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
J Neurogenet. 2020 Sep-Dec;34(3-4):307-322. doi: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1802725. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
Sydney Brenner's choice of as a model organism for understanding the nervous system has accelerated discoveries of gene function in neural circuit development and behavior. In this review, we discuss a striking example of synaptic remodeling in the motor circuit in which DD class motor neurons effectively reverse polarity as presynaptic and postsynaptic domains at opposite ends of the DD neurite switch locations. Originally revealed by EM reconstruction conducted over 40 years ago, DD remodeling has since been investigated by live cell imaging methods that exploit the power of genetics to reveal key effectors of synaptic plasticity. Although synapses are also extensively rewired in developing mammalian circuits, the underlying remodeling mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we highlight the possibility that studies in can reveal pathways that orchestrate synaptic remodeling in more complex organisms. Specifically, we describe (1) transcription factors that regulate DD remodeling, (2) the cellular and molecular cascades that drive synaptic remodeling and (3) examples of circuit modifications in vertebrate neurons that share some similarities with synaptic remodeling in DD neurons.
悉尼·布伦纳选择线虫作为研究神经系统的模式生物，加速了对神经回路发育和行为中基因功能的发现。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了一个引人注目的突触重塑的例子，即 DD 类运动神经元在 DD 神经突的相对两端作为突触前和突触后区域有效地反转极性，从而改变其位置。这一现象最初是通过 40 多年前进行的电子显微镜重建揭示的，此后，利用遗传学的强大功能进行的活细胞成像方法研究了 DD 重塑，揭示了突触可塑性的关键效应器。尽管在发育中的哺乳动物回路中也广泛进行了突触重排，但潜在的重塑机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这里，我们强调了在更复杂的生物体中研究线虫可能揭示协调突触重塑的途径的可能性。具体来说，我们描述了（1）调控 DD 重塑的转录因子，（2）驱动突触重塑的细胞和分子级联反应，以及（3）与线虫 DD 神经元中的突触重塑具有某些相似性的脊椎动物神经元中的回路修饰的例子。
