Marijančić Verner, Peharec Stanislav, Starčević-Klasan Gordana, Grubić Kezele Tanja
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Oct 9;9(4):189. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040189.
University students are a particularly vulnerable population, as they spend increasing amounts of time sitting, which poses a major threat to their musculoskeletal health and posture. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate gender differences in the relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, spinal curvatures and mobility, the endurance and balance of the trunk muscles, and the possible presence of non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) in young adults aged 18-25 years. A total of 139 students completed all required tests. Male students engaged in significantly more PA related to recreation, sports and leisure and were significantly more likely to be hyperkyphotic than female students. The more the male students participated in sports, the more pronounced the thoracic kyphosis. Female students had significantly more pronounced lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt that correlated with lumbar lordosis. Female students generally had significantly higher trunk extensor endurance and more balanced trunk musculature than males. NS-LBP correlated with PA in female students who generally had higher levels of NS-LBP than male students, with a statistically significant difference between those who practiced the most PA. Our results suggest that female students practice less PA and have pronounced lordosis and trunk extensor endurance, in contrast to males who practice more PA and have pronounced trunk flexor endurance and hyperkyphosis. Our findings suggest that more PA should be encouraged but implemented with caution and as an individualized gender-specific approach to prevent postural deformities and chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including NS-LBP.
大学生是一个特别易受影响的群体，因为他们久坐的时间越来越长，这对他们的肌肉骨骼健康和姿势构成了重大威胁。这项横断面研究的目的是调查18至25岁年轻人在身体活动（PA）与久坐行为、脊柱弯曲度和活动度、躯干肌肉的耐力和平衡以及非特异性下腰痛（NS-LBP）的可能存在之间的关系中的性别差异。共有139名学生完成了所有要求的测试。男学生参与的与娱乐、体育和休闲相关的身体活动明显更多，并且比女学生更易出现脊柱后凸过度。男学生参加体育活动越多，胸椎后凸越明显。女学生的腰椎前凸和骨盆前倾更为明显，且与腰椎前凸相关。女学生的躯干伸肌耐力总体上明显高于男学生，躯干肌肉组织也更平衡。NS-LBP与身体活动在女学生中相关，女学生的NS-LBP水平通常高于男学生，在进行最多身体活动的学生之间存在统计学上的显著差异。我们的结果表明，与进行更多身体活动、有明显的躯干屈肌耐力和脊柱后凸过度的男学生相比，女学生进行的身体活动较少，有明显的脊柱前凸和躯干伸肌耐力。我们的研究结果表明，应鼓励更多的身体活动，但要谨慎实施，并作为一种针对特定性别的个性化方法来预防姿势畸形和慢性肌肉骨骼疾病，包括NS-LBP。
