Pawar Bhagwant G, Eerike Madhavi, Pyati Anand K, Varatharajan Sakthivadivel, Mali Kalpana, Konda Venu Gopala R
Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, IND.
Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 24;16(9):e70065. doi: 10.7759/cureus.70065. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Certain anti-diabetic medications may exacerbate electrolyte imbalances, potentially complicating glycemic control in diabetic patients. The present study aimed to correlate the serum electrolyte imbalances such as Na, K, Ca, Cl, and Mg with the duration of disease, glycemic control, and medication regimens.
In this cross-sectional study, 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30 healthy controls, with mean ages of 52.06 and 48.5 years, respectively, were recruited based on eligibility criteria. Data on demographic information, medication history, and duration of diabetes were collected. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and serum electrolytes were measured. The data were statistically analyzed. The mean differences in serum electrolytes between T2DM patients and non-diabetic participants were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, and correlation analysis was performed. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Around 9.6% of participants had diabetes duration of less than one year, while the majority (45%) fell within the 1-5-year duration range. Most diabetic patients (61.2%) exhibited poor glycemic control. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean FBS, PPBS, and HbA1C levels of T2DM (150, 249, and 8.82, respectively) and control group (95, 114, and 5.52, respectively). Analysis of serum electrolytes showed statistically significant differences with regard to Na, K, and Cl between the diabetic and control groups. Mean sodium and chloride levels were lower and potassium levels were higher in diabetic patients compared to the control group. Negative correlations were observed between sodium and chloride levels and duration of diabetes and HbA1C levels.
The study reveals significant electrolyte imbalances in patients with T2DM, characterized by reduced sodium and chloride levels and elevated potassium levels compared to healthy controls. These alterations are closely associated with poor glycemic control and longer disease duration, emphasizing the importance of regular electrolyte monitoring in T2DM management to mitigate potential complications.
某些抗糖尿病药物可能会加剧电解质失衡，这可能会使糖尿病患者的血糖控制复杂化。本研究旨在将血清电解质失衡（如钠、钾、钙、氯和镁）与疾病持续时间、血糖控制及药物治疗方案相关联。
在这项横断面研究中，根据入选标准招募了31例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者和30名健康对照者，其平均年龄分别为52.06岁和48.5岁。收集了人口统计学信息、用药史和糖尿病病程的数据。测量了空腹血糖（FBS）、餐后血糖（PPBS）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）和血清电解质。对数据进行了统计分析。使用曼-惠特尼U检验比较了T2DM患者与非糖尿病参与者血清电解质的平均差异，并进行了相关性分析。p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
约9.6%的参与者糖尿病病程不到一年，而大多数（45%）病程在1至5年范围内。大多数糖尿病患者（61.2%）血糖控制不佳。T2DM组（分别为150、249和8.82）与对照组（分别为95、114和5.52）的平均FBS、PPBS和HbA1C水平之间存在统计学显著差异。血清电解质分析显示，糖尿病组和对照组在钠、钾和氯方面存在统计学显著差异。与对照组相比，糖尿病患者的平均钠和氯水平较低，钾水平较高。钠和氯水平与糖尿病病程及HbA1C水平之间存在负相关。
该研究揭示了T2DM患者存在显著的电解质失衡，其特征是与健康对照相比，钠和氯水平降低，钾水平升高。这些改变与血糖控制不佳和疾病病程较长密切相关，强调了在T2DM管理中定期进行电解质监测以减轻潜在并发症的重要性。
