Eshetu Bruktawit, Worede Abebaw, Fentie Alemie, Chane Elias, Fetene Getnet, Wondifraw Habtamu, Shimelis Mahider, Girma Mahider, Hadgu Rishan, Demeke Kassaw, Fasil Alebachew
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023 Apr 26;16:1207-1220. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S404788. eCollection 2023.
Electrolyte imbalance refers to altered electrolyte levels that predominantly affect diabetic patients due to hyperglycemia which rise plasma osmolality and impaired renal function, contributing to a change in electrolyte level. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of electrolyte imbalance and its associated factors among diabetic patients and healthy control groups attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 diabetic patients and 130 diabetes-free controls. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. After measuring anthropometric parameters, 5mL of the blood sample was collected. Electrolytes were measured based on ion-selective electrode methods. Fasting blood glucose, and creatinine were measured by spectrophotometric enzyme hexokinase, and Jaffe reaction methods, respectively. The data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14. Mann-Whitney -tests and independent -tests were used for comparison. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to determine the factors associated with electrolyte imbalances. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The overall prevalence of electrolyte imbalance among diabetic patients and controls were 83.07% and 52.31%, respectively. The mean of Na and the median level of Mg and Ca were significantly decreased. However, the mean level of Cl was significantly increased in diabetic patients as compared to control groups. In multivariable logistic regression: alcohol consumption AOR = 3.34 [1.02-10.9], no formal education AOR = 5.38 [1.14-25.4], hyperglycemia AOR = 6.32 [2.04-19.5], and urbanization AOR = 5.6 [1.44-22.3] showed significant association with electrolyte imbalance.
Diabetic patients have more likely to develop electrolyte imbalance than control groups. Diabetic participants showed significantly reduced Na, Mg, and Ca levels and significantly increasing CI levels when compared to control groups. Hyperglycemia, alcohol drinking habits, urbanization, and no-formal education were statistically significantly associated with electrolyte imbalance.
电解质失衡是指电解质水平发生改变，主要影响糖尿病患者，原因是高血糖会升高血浆渗透压并损害肾功能，进而导致电解质水平变化。因此，本研究旨在评估贡德尔大学综合专科医院就诊的糖尿病患者和健康对照组中电解质失衡的患病率及其相关因素。
对130例糖尿病患者和130例非糖尿病对照者进行了一项比较性横断面研究。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学、行为和临床数据。测量人体测量参数后，采集5毫升血样。基于离子选择电极法测量电解质。分别采用分光光度酶法己糖激酶和Jaffe反应法测量空腹血糖和肌酐。数据录入Epi-data 4.6版，并使用STATA 14版进行分析。采用Mann-Whitney检验和独立检验进行比较。进行多因素逻辑回归分析以确定与电解质失衡相关的因素。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
糖尿病患者和对照组中电解质失衡的总体患病率分别为83.07%和52.31%。钠的均值以及镁和钙的中位数水平显著降低。然而，与对照组相比，糖尿病患者中氯的平均水平显著升高。在多变量逻辑回归中：饮酒AOR = 3.34 [1.02 - 10.9]，未接受正规教育AOR = 5.38 [1.14 - 25.4]，高血糖AOR = 6.32 [2.04 - 19.5]，以及城市化AOR = 5.6 [1.44 - 22.3]与电解质失衡显著相关。
糖尿病患者比对照组更易发生电解质失衡。与对照组相比，糖尿病参与者的钠、镁和钙水平显著降低，氯水平显著升高。高血糖、饮酒习惯、城市化和未接受正规教育与电解质失衡在统计学上显著相关。
