Agudo Rubén, Reche M Paloma
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Oct 9;15:1445155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1445155. eCollection 2024.
The prevailing belief that antibiotic resistance mechanisms emerged with human antibiotic use has been challenged. Evidence indicates that some antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have a long evolutionary history, predating the advent of antibiotics in human medicine, thereby demonstrating that resistance is an ancient phenomenon. Despite extensive surveys of resistance elements in environments impacted by human activity, limited data are available from remote and pristine habitats. This minireview aims to compile the most relevant research on the origins and evolution of ARGs in these habitats, which function as reservoirs for ancient resistance mechanisms. These studies indicate that ancient ARGs functionally similar to modern resistance genes, highlighting the general role of natural antimicrobial substances in fostering the evolution and exchange of diverse resistance mechanisms through horizontal gene transfer over time. This minireview underscores that antibiotic resistance was present in ancestral microbial communities and emphasizes the ecological role of antibiotics and resistance determinants. Understanding ancient ARGs is crucial for predicting and managing the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Thus, these insights provide a foundational basis for developing new antibiotics and strategies for microbial resistance management.
抗生素耐药机制是随着人类使用抗生素而出现的这一普遍观点受到了挑战。有证据表明，一些抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）具有悠久的进化历史，早于人类医学中抗生素的出现，从而表明耐药性是一种古老的现象。尽管对受人类活动影响的环境中的耐药元件进行了广泛调查，但来自偏远和原始栖息地的数据有限。本综述旨在汇编这些栖息地中ARGs起源和进化的最相关研究，这些栖息地是古代耐药机制的储存库。这些研究表明，古代ARGs在功能上与现代耐药基因相似，突出了天然抗菌物质通过水平基因转移随着时间推移促进多种耐药机制进化和交换的一般作用。本综述强调抗生素耐药性存在于祖先微生物群落中，并强调了抗生素和耐药决定因素的生态作用。了解古代ARGs对于预测和管理抗生素耐药性的演变至关重要。因此，这些见解为开发新抗生素和微生物耐药性管理策略提供了基础依据。
