CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESP, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Enfermedades Transmisibles, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Euro Surveill. 2024 Oct;29(43). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.2400118.
BackgroundHepatitis E, a viral hepatitis caused mainly by the ingestion of raw or undercooked food, is not a notifiable disease in Spain.AimTo analyse the temporal trends, epidemiological characteristics and factors associated with severe disease from hepatitis E hospitalisations in Spain from 1997 to 2019.MethodsHospitalisation records were obtained from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Temporal trends and seasonality were analysed by Poisson regression in years 1997-2015 and 2016-19, given changes in hospital discharge databases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with severe disease.ResultsHepatitis E hospitalisation incidence increased from 0.22 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants in 1997 to a maximum of 2.95 in 2018. Seasonality was observed during 2016-19 period, with more cases in the second and third quarters of the year. The incidence was higher in men vs women, and in the population aged over 40 years. Factors independently associated with death were age ≥ 50 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.43), chronic liver disease (aOR: 4.29), HIV infection (aOR: 3.00) and hepatitis B/C (aOR: 2.11).ConclusionsHepatitis E hospitalisations have increased in Spain in recent years, being more severe in cases with older age, chronic hepatic diseases and HIV infection. A greater incidence in men over 40 years and a possible seasonality were observed. Further studies are needed to assess the seasonality, geographical distribution and impact of the disease to guide public health actions for prevention and control.
戊型肝炎主要由食用生的或未煮熟的食物引起，在西班牙并非法定报告疾病。
分析 1997 年至 2019 年期间西班牙因戊型肝炎住院的时间趋势、流行病学特征和与重症相关的因素。
从西班牙国家住院数据库中获取住院记录。1997-2015 年和 2016-19 年期间采用泊松回归分析时间趋势和季节性，鉴于医院出院数据库的变化。采用多变量逻辑回归分析确定与重症相关的因素。
戊型肝炎住院发病率从 1997 年的每 100 万人 0.22 例增加到 2018 年的 2.95 例。2016-19 年期间观察到季节性，第二和第三季度病例较多。发病率在男性中高于女性，在 40 岁以上人群中较高。与死亡独立相关的因素是年龄≥50 岁（调整后的优势比 (aOR)：2.43）、慢性肝病 (aOR：4.29)、HIV 感染 (aOR：3.00) 和乙型肝炎/丙型肝炎 (aOR：2.11)。
近年来，西班牙戊型肝炎住院人数有所增加，年龄较大、慢性肝脏疾病和 HIV 感染的病例更为严重。观察到 40 岁以上男性发病率较高，可能存在季节性。需要进一步研究以评估疾病的季节性、地理分布和影响，以指导预防和控制的公共卫生行动。
