Raimundo Marta, Cerqueira Ana, Gaspar Tania, Gaspar de Matos Margarida
Aventura Social-Associação, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal.
ISAMB, Medicine Faculty, Lisbon University, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Oct 21;12(20):2094. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12202094.
The health of children, adolescents, and young adults is a primary global concern. In 2021, there were 2.1 million deaths among children and adolescents. Injuries, violence, communicable diseases, nutritional deficiencies, substance use, non-communicable diseases, and mental health disorders are among the leading causes of death in this age group. This scoping review aims to identify and describe health promotion and healthy lifestyle programs developed worldwide targeting adolescents and young adults. A total of 106 programs were included, of which 8 were selected through scientific databases and 98 through other research methods (e.g., government websites and other online sources). The results show that Europe, North America, New Zealand, and the United States of America are the continents and countries with the highest number of programs. Most programs originated before 2020 and are aimed at children, adolescents, and young adults. Mental health, substance and non-substance dependencies, and sexual and reproductive health were the most frequent areas among the available youth programs. Most programs do not mention evaluating or monitoring the services provided. This work allows for a deeper understanding of the programs available for adolescents and young adults, providing an overview of their characteristics. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of increasing the number of available programs, especially in countries with higher morbidity and mortality rates among the young population. The programs must be based on population studies to better meet their needs. Lastly, programs should become sustainable and integrated into national public policies, accompanied by ongoing training, supervision, and intervision of professionals working in these contexts.
儿童、青少年和青年的健康是全球主要关注的问题。2021年，儿童和青少年中有210万人死亡。伤害、暴力、传染病、营养缺乏、物质使用、非传染性疾病和精神健康障碍是该年龄组主要的死亡原因。本范围综述旨在识别和描述全球范围内针对青少年和青年制定的健康促进和健康生活方式项目。总共纳入了106个项目，其中8个通过科学数据库选出，98个通过其他研究方法（如政府网站和其他在线资源）选出。结果显示，欧洲、北美、新西兰和美利坚合众国是项目数量最多的大洲和国家。大多数项目起源于2020年之前，目标人群为儿童、青少年和青年。心理健康、物质和非物质依赖以及性与生殖健康是现有青年项目中最常见的领域。大多数项目未提及对所提供服务的评估或监测。这项工作有助于更深入地了解可供青少年和青年使用的项目，概述其特点。此外，它强调了增加可用项目数量的重要性，特别是在年轻人口发病率和死亡率较高的国家。这些项目必须基于人群研究，以更好地满足他们的需求。最后，项目应具有可持续性，并纳入国家公共政策，同时对在这些环境中工作的专业人员进行持续培训、监督和相互监督。
