Vera-Punzano Noelia, Bullón-Vela Vanessa, Miret Carme, Pardos-Plaza Jéssica, García Cenoz Manuel, Godoy Pere, Castilla Jesús, Domínguez Àngela, Toledo Diana, Martínez-Baz Iván
Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Infect Dis Rep. 2024 Sep 23;16(5):923-931. doi: 10.3390/idr16050074.
This study aims to describe the long-term changes in the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, COVID-19 and its preventive measures in northern Spain. A telephonic survey was performed among household contacts of COVID-19 cases in Catalonia and Navarre between May 2022 and December 2023. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed through 12 questions using a Likert scale, and responses were grouped as correct or incorrect. The change from baseline to the 6-month follow-up was evaluated with the absolute difference (AD) using the proportion of correct answers. At baseline, 299 subjects were contacted, of whom 63.2% (189) completed the 6-month follow-up. Correct knowledge of transmission (>85%) and the use of preventive measures (>92%) were observed at baseline and maintained over time. The attitudes towards face mask use remained adequate over the course of six months (>79%). However, attitudes regarding the use of face masks indoors (AD = -16.4%; < 0.001) and those who thought that COVID-19 had a negative impact on their lives (AD = -16.5%; < 0.001) decreased after 6 months. In the post-acute phase of the pandemic, household contacts maintained the correct level of knowledge towards COVID-19, while some attitudes decreased. These results should serve as a guide for health policy makers in decision-making in case of a new increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2.
本研究旨在描述西班牙北部地区对新冠病毒及其预防措施的认知和态度的长期变化。2022年5月至2023年12月期间，对加泰罗尼亚和纳瓦拉地区新冠病例的家庭接触者进行了电话调查。通过12个使用李克特量表的问题评估知识和态度，并将回答分为正确或错误。使用正确答案的比例，通过绝对差值（AD）评估从基线到6个月随访的变化。基线时，联系了299名受试者，其中63.2%（189名）完成了6个月的随访。在基线时观察到对传播的正确认知（>85%）和预防措施的使用（>92%），并随时间保持。在六个月的时间里，对面罩使用的态度保持良好（>79%）。然而，六个月后，关于在室内使用面罩的态度（AD = -16.4%；<0.001）以及那些认为新冠病毒对其生活有负面影响的态度（AD = -16.5%；<0.001）有所下降。在疫情的急性后期，家庭接触者对新冠病毒保持了正确的认知水平，而一些态度有所下降。这些结果应为卫生政策制定者在SARS-CoV-2发病率再次上升时的决策提供指导。
