Cenzato Niccolò, Farronato Marco, Tartaglia Francesco Carlo, Giannini Lucia, Inchingolo Angelo Michele, Dipalma Gianna, Maspero Cinzia, Inchingolo Francesco
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy.
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2024 Oct 7;14(10):1042. doi: 10.3390/jpm14101042.
The study of facial profiles in the dental field is very important for the diagnosis and the dental and orthodontic treatment plan. The aim of this study is to analyze the three-dimensional morphology of the faces of 269 growing patients with Class I and II occlusions, focusing on children aged between 6 and 9 years old. The analysis was conducted using a non-invasive computerized system, which allowed for the automatic collection of facial landmarks and the subsequent reconstruction of three-dimensional coordinates.
The sample comprised 269 children within the specified age range. Each child's facial features were captured using the non-invasive computerized system, which utilized two infrared CCD cameras, real-time hardware for label recognition, and software for three-dimensional landmark reconstruction. Sixteen cutaneous facial landmarks were automatically collected for each participant. From these landmarks, 10 angular and 15 linear measurements, as well as five direct distance rates, were derived. The mean values for each age class were calculated separately for children with bilateral Angle Class I occlusion and compared with those for children with bilateral Class II occlusion. In all children, the left and right occlusal classes were measured as suggested by Katz.
The analysis revealed notable differences, primarily in the three-dimensional angular measurements between children with Class I and II occlusions. Specifically, Class II children exhibited more convex faces in the sagittal plane and a less prominent lower jaw compared to Class I children. However, no significant differences were observed in linear measurements, except for the lower facial height rate, which varied inconsistently across age groups between the two occlusion types.
the findings of this research highlight distinct three-dimensional facial morphological differences between children with Class I and II occlusions. While Class II children tended to have more convex facial profiles and less prominent lower jaws, linear measurements showed minimal variation between the two occlusion types. These results underscore the importance of three-dimensional analysis in understanding facial morphology in growing patients with different occlusal patterns.
在牙科领域对面部轮廓进行研究对于诊断以及制定牙科和正畸治疗计划非常重要。本研究的目的是分析269名处于生长发育期的安氏Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类错牙合患者的面部三维形态，重点关注6至9岁的儿童。分析采用了一种非侵入性计算机系统，该系统能够自动采集面部标志点并随后重建三维坐标。
样本包括269名处于指定年龄范围内的儿童。使用非侵入性计算机系统捕捉每个儿童的面部特征，该系统利用两台红外电荷耦合器件相机、用于标签识别的实时硬件以及用于三维标志点重建的软件。为每位参与者自动采集16个面部皮肤标志点。从这些标志点得出10个角度测量值、15个线性测量值以及5个直接距离比率。分别计算双侧安氏Ⅰ类错牙合儿童各年龄组的平均值，并与双侧安氏Ⅱ类错牙合儿童的平均值进行比较。在所有儿童中，按照卡茨的建议测量左右咬合分类。
分析揭示了显著差异，主要体现在安氏Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类错牙合儿童的三维角度测量值上。具体而言，与安氏Ⅰ类儿童相比，安氏Ⅱ类儿童在矢状面的面部更凸，下颌更不突出。然而，除了下颌面部高度比率外，线性测量值未观察到显著差异，该比率在两种咬合类型的不同年龄组之间变化不一致。
本研究结果突出了安氏Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类错牙合儿童之间明显的三维面部形态差异。虽然安氏Ⅱ类儿童往往面部轮廓更凸且下颌更不突出，但两种咬合类型之间的线性测量值差异极小。这些结果强调了三维分析在理解不同咬合模式的生长发育期患者面部形态方面的重要性。
