Ferrario V F, Sforza C, Poggio C E, Serrao G
Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996 Jan;109(1):86-93. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(96)70167-1.
Three-dimensional facial morphometry was investigated in a sample of 40 men and 40 women, with a new noninvasive computerized method. Subjects ranged in age between 19 and 32 years, had sound dentitions, and no craniocervical disorders. For each subject, 16 cutaneous facial landmarks were automatically collected by a system consisting of two infrared camera coupled device (CCD) cameras, real time hardware for the recognition of markers, and software for the three-dimensional reconstruction of landmarks' x, y, z coordinates. From these landmarks, 15 linear and 10 angular measurements, and four linear distance ratios were computed and averaged for sex. For all angular values, both samples showed a narrow variability and no significant gender differences were demonstrated. Conversely, all the linear measurements were significantly higher in men than in women. The highest intersample variability was observed for the measurements of facial height (prevalent vertical dimension), and the lowest for the measurements of facial depth (prevalent horizontal dimension). The proportions of upper and lower face height relative to the anterior face height showed a significant sex difference. Mean values were in good agreement with literature data collected with traditional methods. The described method allowed the direct and noninvasive calculation of three-dimensional linear and angular measurements that would be usefully applied in clinics as a supplement to the classic x-ray cephalometric analyses.
采用一种新型非侵入性计算机化方法，对40名男性和40名女性样本进行了三维面部形态测量研究。受试者年龄在19至32岁之间，牙列健全，无颅颈疾病。对于每个受试者，由一个由两台红外摄像机耦合设备（CCD）摄像机、用于识别标记的实时硬件以及用于三维重建标记x、y、z坐标的软件组成的系统自动收集16个面部皮肤标志点。从这些标志点计算出15个线性测量值、10个角度测量值以及四个线性距离比率，并按性别进行平均。对于所有角度值，两个样本的变异性都较小，且未显示出显著的性别差异。相反，所有线性测量值男性均显著高于女性。面部高度（主要垂直维度）测量的样本间变异性最高，面部深度（主要水平维度）测量的变异性最低。上、下脸高度相对于前脸高度的比例存在显著性别差异。平均值与用传统方法收集的文献数据高度一致。所描述的方法允许直接且非侵入性地计算三维线性和角度测量值，这些测量值可作为经典X线头影测量分析的补充，在临床上得到有效应用。
