Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Jul;29(7):1059-1067. doi: 10.1111/sms.13422. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
Although it has been shown that student-athletes who pursue upper secondary school alongside with an athletic career may be prone to sport and school burnout, the concrete life changes resulting from burning out, such as dropping out of sport or school, have not been investigated. Moreover, it is unknown why some student-athletes do not burnout. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether there are different kinds of profiles-based on the level and development of sport and school burnout symptoms across upper secondary school-that can be identified among student-athletes and how resilience and the likelihood of dropping out from sport or school differ between the profiles. The sample consisted of 491 (49% females) Finnish student-athletes who filled in questionnaires four times during the three years of upper secondary school. The data were analyzed by using growth mixture modeling. Three burnout profiles were identified: (a) Average profile, (b) Increased burnout profile, and (c) Non-risk profile. The profiles differed significantly in terms of student-athletes' resilience and the likelihood of dropping out, as those in the Increased burnout group symptoms were less resilient and more likely to dropout from sport than those in the other two groups. Furthermore, those in the Non-risk profile were more resilient than athletes in the other two groups. The results can be used in teaching student-athletes resilience-related skills which can prevent them from burning out and dropping out from sport and school.
尽管已经表明，同时从事高中阶段学业和竞技运动的运动员可能更容易出现运动和学业倦怠，但倦怠所导致的具体生活变化，如退出运动或学业，尚未得到调查。此外，为什么有些运动员不会倦怠也不得而知。本研究的目的是检验是否可以在高中阶段的运动和学业倦怠症状的水平和发展方面，识别出不同类型的运动员特征，以及在这些特征之间，适应力和退出运动或学业的可能性有何不同。该样本包括 491 名（49%为女性）芬兰运动员，他们在高中的三年中四次填写了问卷。通过使用增长混合建模对数据进行了分析。确定了三种倦怠特征：（a）平均特征，（b）增加的倦怠特征，和（c）非风险特征。这三个特征在运动员的适应力和退出的可能性方面存在显著差异，因为那些在增加的倦怠组中的运动员的症状更不适应，更有可能退出运动，而不是其他两个组。此外，非风险组的运动员比其他两组的运动员更有适应力。研究结果可以用于教授运动员与适应力相关的技能，这些技能可以防止他们倦怠和退出运动及学业。
