Kenville Rouven, Clauß Martina, Arup Aleksander, Ragert Patrick, Maudrich Tom
Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sports Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Oct 16;12(10):281. doi: 10.3390/sports12100281.
Intermittent palm (PC) and sole cooling (SC) are proposed ergogenic methods for enhancing exercise performance during high-intensity and fatiguing conditions. However, findings in the literature regarding its positive effect remain inconclusive. This study aimed at investigating the effects of intermittent PC and SC compared to no cooling (NC) on acute training volume during resistance exercise, particularly focusing on the total number of repetitions (TR) performed. Three separate randomized crossover protocols, incorporating commonly practiced resistance exercises (Protocol 1: pullups; Protocol 2: pushups; Protocol 3: leg extensions), were conducted, enrolling healthy, physically active adults (overall sample: n = 41 (12 female), age: 23.9 ± 4.0 years (mean ± SD), height: 174.4 ± 9.5 cm, body mass: 69.3 ± 12.4 kg). During Protocol 3, tympanic temperature (TT), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and electromyography (EMG) of quadriceps muscles were additionally assessed for SC. PC resulted in less TR compared to NC in Protocol 1 ( < 0.001). Protocol 2 and 3 did not reveal significant ergogenic benefits of PC or SC compared to NC ( > 0.05). Furthermore, SC had no effect on TT, RPE, or EMG amplitudes (all > 0.05). The inconsistent findings suggest that intermittent PC and SC might have limited effectiveness in enhancing training volume during resistance exercise in physically active adults. Future research should examine various resistance training protocols under controlled conditions, and incorporate comprehensive physiological measurements to elucidate the potential benefits and mechanisms of intermittent cooling in resistance exercise contexts.
间歇性手掌（PC）和脚底冷却（SC）被认为是在高强度和疲劳条件下提高运动表现的促力方法。然而，文献中关于其积极效果的研究结果仍无定论。本研究旨在调查与不冷却（NC）相比，间歇性PC和SC对阻力训练期间急性训练量的影响，特别关注完成的重复总数（TR）。进行了三项单独的随机交叉试验方案，纳入了常见的阻力训练（方案1：引体向上；方案2：俯卧撑；方案3：腿伸展），招募了健康、有体育锻炼习惯的成年人（总样本：n = 41（12名女性），年龄：23.9 ± 4.0岁（平均值±标准差），身高：174.4 ± 9.5厘米，体重：69.3 ± 12.4千克）。在方案3中，还额外评估了SC时的鼓膜温度（TT）、主观用力程度（RPE）和股四头肌的肌电图（EMG）。在方案1中，与NC相比，PC导致的TR更少（< 0.001）。与NC相比，方案2和3未显示PC或SC有显著的促力益处（> 0.05）。此外，SC对TT、RPE或EMG幅度均无影响（均> 0.05）。这些不一致的结果表明，间歇性PC和SC在提高有体育锻炼习惯的成年人阻力训练期间的训练量方面可能效果有限。未来的研究应在受控条件下检查各种阻力训练方案，并纳入全面的生理测量，以阐明阻力训练中间歇性冷却的潜在益处和机制。
