Djoufounna Joël, Bamou Roland, Foyet Juluis V, Ningahi Laura G, Mayi Marie P A, Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe, Tchuinkam Timoléon
Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit for Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, Dschang P.O Box 67, Cameroon.
Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé P.O. Box 288, Cameroon.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 7;9(10):231. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed9100231.
Understanding the epidemiological features of malaria is a key step to monitoring and quantifying the impact of the current control efforts to inform future ones. This study establishes the prevalence and frequency of malaria in a forest-savannah ecozone for 5 consecutive years in Cameroon.
A retrospective study was conducted in 3 health centers of Makenene from 2016 to 2020, a period covering the second long-lasting insecticide net mass distribution campaign. Malaria infectious records were reviewed from laboratory registers. The difference in exposure to malaria was estimated using a regression logistic model.
A total of 13525 patients underwent malaria diagnostic tests, with a general malaria prevalence of 65.3%. A greater prevalence of malaria was observed in males (68.39%) compared to females (63.14%). The frequency of consultations in health centers was dominated by females, with a gender ratio (M/F) of 0.66. Annual trends in malaria prevalence slightly varied from 2016 to 2020, exceeding 60%: 65.2% in 2016; 66.7% in 2017, 68.1% in 2018, 63.2% in 2019, and 65.3% in 2020, with a significant seasonal variation ( < 0.0001). The highest malaria prevalence was observed during the short rainy season, no matter the year. Among positive cases, the most represented age groups were 6-15 ( < 0.0001), followed by those under 5, while the age group >25 years was the least represented.
Close monitoring and additional intervention measures for malaria control are needed, as are more studies on vector bionomics and transmission patterns.
了解疟疾的流行病学特征是监测和量化当前防治工作影响以指导未来工作的关键一步。本研究确定了喀麦隆一个森林 - 草原生态区连续5年的疟疾流行率和发病率。
2016年至2020年在马凯内的3个卫生中心进行了一项回顾性研究，该时期涵盖了第二次长效杀虫剂蚊帐大规模分发运动。从实验室登记册中查阅疟疾感染记录。使用回归逻辑模型估计疟疾暴露差异。
共有13525名患者接受了疟疾诊断测试，总体疟疾流行率为65.3%。男性的疟疾流行率（68.39%）高于女性（63.14%）。卫生中心的就诊频率以女性为主，性别比（男/女）为0.66。2016年至2020年疟疾流行率的年度趋势略有不同，均超过60%：2016年为65.2%；2017年为66.7%，2018年为68.1%，2019年为63.2%，2020年为65.3%，存在显著的季节性变化（<0.0001）。无论哪一年，在短雨季观察到的疟疾流行率最高。在阳性病例中，最主要的年龄组是6 - 15岁（<0.0001），其次是5岁以下儿童，而25岁以上年龄组的病例最少。
需要密切监测和采取额外的疟疾控制干预措施，同时也需要对病媒生物学和传播模式进行更多研究。
