冈比亚按蚊（Cellia）rufipes（Gough，1910）和其他当地按蚊在喀麦隆北部热带稀树草原地区人类疟疾传播中的作用：一项横断面调查。

Role of Anopheles (Cellia) rufipes (Gough, 1910) and other local anophelines in human malaria transmission in the northern savannah of Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey.

机构信息

Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 813- Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon.

National Reference Unit for Vector Control, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 3851-Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2017 Jan 11;10(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1933-3.

BACKGROUND

As part of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) in the north of Cameroon, the unexpectedly high density and anthropophilic behaviour of Anopheles rufipes lead us to investigate this species bionomics and role in human malaria parasite transmission.

METHODS

For four consecutive years (2011-2014), annual cross-sectional sampling of adult mosquitoes was conducted during the peak malaria season (September-October) in three health districts in northern Cameroon. Mosquitoes sampled by human landing catch and pyrethrum spray catch methods were morphologically identified, their ovaries dissected for parity determination and Anopheles gambiae siblings were identified by molecular assay. Infection with P. falciparum and blood meal source in residual fauna of indoor resting anopheline mosquitoes were determined by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays.

RESULTS

Anopheles gambiae (sensu lato) (s.l.) comprised 18.4% of mosquitoes collected with An. arabiensis representing 66.27% of the sibling species. The proportion of An. rufipes (2.7%) collected was high with a human-biting rate ranging between 0.441 and 11.083 bites/person/night (b/p/n) and an anthropophagic rate of 15.36%. Although overall the members of An. gambiae complex were responsible for most of the transmission with entomological inoculation rates (EIR) reaching 1.221 infective bites/person/night (ib/p/n), An. arabiensis and An. coluzzii were the most implicated. The roles of An. funestus, An. pharoensis and An. paludis were minor. Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein rate in Anopheles rufipes varied from 0.6 to 5.7% with EIR values between 0.010 and 0.481 ib/p/n.

CONCLUSIONS

The study highlights the epidemiological role of An. rufipes alongside the members of the An. gambiae complex, and several other sympatric species in human malaria transmission during the wet season in northern Cameroon. For the first time in Cameroon, An. rufipes has been shown to be an important local malaria vector, emphasising the need to review the malaria entomological profile across the country as pre-requisite to effective vector management strategies.

背景

作为研究杀虫剂抗性对长效驱虫蚊帐（LLINs）在喀麦隆北部有效性影响的一部分，意外发现刺扰伊蚊的高密度和嗜人习性，促使我们调查这种蚊种的生物学特性及其在人类疟疾寄生虫传播中的作用。

方法

在喀麦隆北部的三个卫生区，连续四年（2011-2014 年），在疟疾高发季节（9 月至 10 月）进行了成年蚊子的年度横断面抽样。通过人体诱捕和除虫菊酯喷雾捕获方法捕获的蚊子进行形态学鉴定，解剖其卵巢以确定生殖力，并通过分子分析鉴定冈比亚按蚊姐妹种。通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）确定室内休息按蚊残留区中疟原虫感染和血液餐源。

结果

采集的蚊子中，冈比亚按蚊（s.l.）占 18.4%，其中阿拉伯按蚊占 66.27%。采集的刺扰伊蚊（2.7%）比例较高，人血指数（HBI）在 0.441 到 11.083 之间（b/p/n），嗜人指数（HBI）为 15.36%。尽管冈比亚按蚊复合体成员总体上负责大部分传播，昆虫感染率（EIR）达到 1.221 个感染性叮咬/人/夜（ib/p/n），但阿拉伯按蚊和库蚊最为相关。冈比亚按蚊、法氏按蚊和沼泽按蚊的作用较小。刺扰伊蚊中疟原虫环子孢子蛋白（CSP）率在 0.6%到 5.7%之间，EIR 值在 0.010 到 0.481 之间。