Mackey Chelsea D, Sibik Gage L, Szydlowski Victoria, Blayney Jessica A, Lee Christine M, Larimer Mary E, Hultgren Brittney A
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2024 Nov;48(11):2145-2159. doi: 10.1111/acer.15439. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
Despite intervention efforts, negative alcohol-related consequences continue to impact young adults. Most alcohol interventions focus on reducing alcohol consumption; however, previous research indicates that focusing solely on alcohol use may not decrease consequences. Additionally, many alcohol interventions have diminishing engagement, and few are designed with young adults involved in the development process. Drawing on user-centered design, this study sought to understand young adult perceptions, preferences, and needs for electronic interventions specifically aimed at reducing alcohol consequences.
Using semi-structured qualitative interviews, 21 young adult drinkers (ages 18-24; 57.1% female) shared their opinions regarding the need for electronic interventions (i.e., mobile or web-delivered) to reduce alcohol consequences as well as their preferences for content, features, and ways to increase engagement. Interviews were coded and analyzed using a multi-step thematic analysis approach.
As part of our discovery phase of intervention development, content coding revealed four main themes. Participants perceived several benefits of interventions focused on alcohol consequences, such as promoting mindful alcohol use and reducing alcohol-related harms. Participants also discussed perceived limitations of such programs, including believing consequences from drinking are unavoidable, necessary for learning, and associated with peer pressure. Preferences for features included real-time tracking, personalized feedback, and psychoeducation along with preferences for design including non-judgmental framing, interactive content, and a user-friendly platform.
Engaging end users early in the development process is a valuable approach to increase intervention relevancy with the target population. This can also inform intervention content and design to maximize engagement and satisfaction (e.g., framing, features, and interactivity) while also reducing barriers identified early on (e.g., peer pressure).
尽管采取了干预措施，但与酒精相关的负面后果仍在影响着年轻人。大多数酒精干预措施都集中在减少酒精消费上；然而，先前的研究表明，仅关注酒精使用可能不会减少相关后果。此外，许多酒精干预措施的参与度逐渐降低，而且很少有措施在开发过程中有年轻人参与设计。基于以用户为中心的设计理念，本研究旨在了解年轻人对专门旨在减少酒精相关后果的电子干预措施的看法、偏好和需求。
通过半结构化定性访谈，21名年轻饮酒者（年龄在18 - 24岁之间；57.1%为女性）分享了他们对电子干预措施（即通过移动设备或网络提供）以减少酒精相关后果的需求，以及他们对内容、功能和提高参与度方式的偏好。访谈采用多步骤主题分析方法进行编码和分析。
作为我们干预措施开发探索阶段的一部分，内容编码揭示了四个主要主题。参与者认识到专注于酒精相关后果的干预措施有几个好处，比如促进有意识地饮酒以及减少与酒精相关的危害。参与者还讨论了此类项目存在的局限性，包括认为饮酒后果不可避免、是学习所必需的以及与同伴压力有关。对功能的偏好包括实时跟踪、个性化反馈和心理教育，同时对设计的偏好包括无评判性的框架、互动内容和用户友好的平台。
在开发过程早期让最终用户参与是提高干预措施与目标人群相关性的一种有价值的方法。这也可以为干预内容和设计提供信息，以最大限度地提高参与度和满意度（例如框架、功能和互动性），同时减少早期发现的障碍（例如同伴压力）。
