Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 25;19(10):e0309995. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309995. eCollection 2024.
This study was designed to evaluate the health risks faced by inhabitants living in the slum areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The levels of PM2.5 and PM10 and elemental composition of the PM10 were measured in indoors (in the kitchen and living room) and outdoors (at the roadside). A total of 75 sampling locations (45 indoor and 30 outdoor) were selected for the study. The levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were determined using an AROCET531S instrument, while an universal air pump was used for the sampling of PM10 for the determination of trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‒OES). The health impacts of PMs on the inhabitants of twelve microenvironments (MEs), where they spend much of their daily time, were estimated. The total amounts of PM2.5 and PM10, and trace metals in PM10 found in the nine or twelve MEs ranged from 10.6-119, 128-185, and 0.007-0.197 μg m-3, respectively. According to the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines, ten of the twelve MEs can cause significant health problems for inhabitants (HI > 1) due to PM2.5 and PM10. Thus, special attention should be given by stakeholders/inhabitants to minimize the health impacts on long-term exposure. This study assessed the risk of levels of trace elements on the inhabitants who spend most of their daily lives. The study revealed that the lifetime cancer risk values for the individual and cumulative trace elements were within the tolerable range set by the USEPA guidelines.
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴贫民窟居民面临的健康风险。在室内（厨房和客厅）和室外（路边）测量了 PM2.5 和 PM10 的水平以及 PM10 的元素组成。总共选择了 75 个采样地点（45 个室内和 30 个室外）进行研究。使用 AROCET531S 仪器测定 PM2.5 和 PM10 的水平，使用通用空气泵对 PM10 进行采样，通过电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定微量元素。估计了 PM 对十二种微环境（ME）中居民的健康影响，他们在这些微环境中花费了大部分日常时间。九个或十二个 ME 中的 PM2.5 和 PM10 的总含量以及 PM10 中的痕量金属的含量分别为 10.6-119、128-185 和 0.007-0.197μg m-3。根据美国环境保护署（USEPA）的指南，由于 PM2.5 和 PM10，十二个 ME 中有十个可能对居民造成严重的健康问题（HI>1）。因此，利益相关者/居民应特别注意尽量减少长期暴露对健康的影响。本研究评估了在居民一生中大部分时间居住的环境中，痕量元素水平对健康的影响。研究表明，个体和累积痕量元素的终生癌症风险值在 USEPA 指南规定的可接受范围内。
