Mayer D K
Nurse Pract. 1986 Feb;11(2):36-8, 41, 45-6.
Small bowel obstructions, which account for two-thirds of all intestinal obstruction, are caused by adhesions, hernias and cancer. Large bowel obstructions are usually the result of a malignancy, but may also be caused by diverticulitis or volvulus. Previously treated individuals with a known diagnosis of advanced cancer originating in the pelvis are at highest risk for developing intestinal bowel obstruction. Since 30 percent of Americans will develop cancer in their lifetimes, and colorectal cancer is the most common type, this represents a significant population at risk to be followed by nurse practitioners. The pathophysiology, assessment and management of an individual with a bowel obstruction is reviewed. Morbidity and mortality in this population is high. Wound healing problems, including infection, dehiscence, evisceration and fistula formation, contribute significantly to the morbidity and can cause long-term problems. In today's health care system, it's likely that patients will be discharged from the hospital earlier after bowel surgeries. Therefore, nursing care focusing on wound management is outlined.
小肠梗阻占所有肠梗阻病例的三分之二，其病因包括粘连、疝气和癌症。大肠梗阻通常由恶性肿瘤引起，但也可能由憩室炎或肠扭转导致。既往有盆腔原发晚期癌症确诊病史且接受过治疗的个体发生肠梗阻的风险最高。由于30%的美国人一生中会患癌症，而结直肠癌是最常见的类型，这意味着有相当一部分高危人群需要执业护士进行随访。本文综述了肠梗阻患者的病理生理学、评估及管理。该人群的发病率和死亡率很高。伤口愈合问题，包括感染、裂开、脏器脱出和瘘管形成，对发病率有显著影响，并可能导致长期问题。在当今的医疗保健系统中，患者在肠道手术后可能会更早出院。因此，本文概述了以伤口管理为重点的护理措施。
