Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Economic Studies Program, Brookings Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Public Policy Program, Aletheia Research Institution, Palo Alto, California.
J Surg Res. 2024 Nov;303:731-743. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.047. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
No investigation of each nation's contribution to knowledge production and human capital in surgery currently exists. Previous studies explored country-level research productivity only in few surgical subspecialties. To identify current and future leaders in surgery research, we conduct a retrospective observational study of each country's human capital and research productivity.
A web-scraping algorithm was deployed on PubMed to retrieve information on the first and senior author of every publication in all PubMed-indexed surgery outlets-a total of 388 journals-between 2010 and 2022, according to the SCImago classification. Each country's human capital is proxied by the number of first and senior authors.
A total of 665,668 publications from 110 countries were reviewed. The number of publications rises over time. The United States represents 30.78% and 31.32% of global publications based on first and senior authors, respectively. Other leading contributors include the United Kingdom (5.57% and 5.69% of global first and senior author publications, respectively), China (8.84% and 8.74%), Japan (7.14% and 7.10%), and Italy (4.54% and 4.46%). The number of publications per 100K people ranges between 0.04 and 86.01, suggesting widely varying levels of research productivity relative to the population.
Our findings underscore the US dominance in surgery research. Countries with a higher share of first or senior authors may have greater capacity to expand their future research output. As big data research expands, we expect studies deploying artificial intelligence methodologies, such as web scraping, on data repositories to guide healthcare provision and health policy decisions to become mainstream.
目前尚无针对各国在外科领域知识生产和人力资本贡献的调查。以前的研究仅在少数外科亚专业领域探索了国家层面的研究生产力。为了确定外科研究的当前和未来领导者，我们对每个国家的人力资本和研究生产力进行了回顾性观察研究。
我们使用网络爬虫算法在 PubMed 上检索了 2010 年至 2022 年间所有 PubMed 索引外科期刊（共 388 种期刊）中每篇出版物的第一作者和资深作者的信息，这些期刊根据 Scimago 分类。每个国家的人力资本由第一作者和资深作者的数量来代理。
共审查了来自 110 个国家的 665668 篇出版物。出版物数量随着时间的推移而增加。美国分别以第一作者和资深作者发文量占全球的 30.78%和 31.32%位居榜首。其他主要贡献者包括英国（分别占全球第一作者和资深作者发文量的 5.57%和 5.69%）、中国（分别占 8.84%和 8.74%）、日本（分别占 7.14%和 7.10%）和意大利（分别占 4.54%和 4.46%）。每 10 万人发表的论文数量在 0.04 至 86.01 之间，表明各国的研究生产力与人口相比差异很大。
我们的研究结果强调了美国在外科研究中的主导地位。第一作者或资深作者比例较高的国家可能有更大的能力扩大未来的研究产出。随着大数据研究的扩大，我们预计使用网络爬虫等人工智能方法对数据存储库进行研究的研究将成为主流，以指导医疗保健提供和卫生政策决策。
