Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Adv Virus Res. 2024;120:39-75. doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.09.002. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
Usutu virus (USUV, Flaviviridae) is an emerging arbovirus that has led to epizootic outbreaks in birds and numerous human neuroinvasive disease cases in Europe. It is maintained in an enzootic cycle with Culex mosquitoes and passerine birds, a transmission cycle that is shared by West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), two flaviviruses that are endemic in the United States. USUV and WNV co-circulate in Africa and Europe, and SLEV and WNV co-circulate in North America. These three viruses are prime examples of One Health issues, in which the interactions between humans, animals, and the environments they reside in can have important health impacts. The three facets of One Health are interwoven throughout this article as we discuss the mechanisms of flavivirus transmission and emergence. We explore the possibility of USUV emergence in the United States by analyzing the shared characteristics among USUV, WNV, and SLEV, including the role that flavivirus co-infections and sequential exposures may play in viral emergence. Finally, we provide insights on the importance of integrated surveillance programs as One Health tools that can be used to mitigate USUV emergence and spread.
乌苏图病毒（USUV，黄病毒科）是一种新兴的虫媒病毒，已在鸟类中引发了爆发性疫情，并在欧洲导致了许多人类神经侵入性疾病病例。它与库蚊和雀形目鸟类一起维持着地方性流行循环，这一传播循环与西尼罗河病毒（WNV）和圣路易斯脑炎病毒（SLEV）共享，WNV 和 SLEV 是两种在美国流行的黄病毒。USUV 和 WNV 在非洲和欧洲共同循环，SLEV 和 WNV 在北美洲共同循环。这三种病毒是“同一健康”问题的主要范例，即人类、动物及其所处环境之间的相互作用可能对健康产生重要影响。在本文中，我们讨论了黄病毒传播和出现的机制，将“同一健康”的三个方面交织在一起。我们通过分析 USUV、WNV 和 SLEV 之间的共同特征，探讨了 USUV 在美国出现的可能性，包括黄病毒的合并感染和连续暴露可能在病毒出现中所起的作用。最后，我们提供了关于综合监测计划作为“同一健康”工具的重要性的见解，这些工具可用于减轻 USUV 的出现和传播。
