China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, NO. 399, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 25;14(1):25405. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76802-2.
This study aimed to explore the differences in joint kinematic characteristics and stroke effect between fast and slow strokes of table tennis players. Thirty-four table tennis players were randomly selected as participants for this experiment. A high-speed infrared motion capture system was used to collect kinematic data of the right-side upper and lower limb joints during strokes. Simultaneously, a high-speed camera was used to measure the stroke effect. According to the duration of a stroke, the stroke data were classified into two types: fast-stroke and slow-stroke using a two-step clustering algorithm. The duration of the three phases of fast-stroke was shorter, with faster ball speed and stronger spin. Compared with slow-stroke, fast-stroke exhibited shorter displacements in the three lower limb joints and faster linear velocities in the three upper limb joints. In addition, the motion angles of the knee and ankle joints were smaller, while the angles of the hip, shoulder, and elbow joints were larger, with higher angular velocities. Increasing the extension speed of the lower limbs, the flexion speed of the elbow joints, and the wrist movement speed can achieve fast strokes, enhancing ball speed and spin. Small and quick hip joint movement can effectively transfer energy to the upper limbs, increasing the movement speed of the elbow and wrist joints, thus improving the ball speed and spin of the stroke.
本研究旨在探讨乒乓球运动员快、慢拉球动作的关节运动学特征及打击效果的差异。本实验随机选取 34 名乒乓球运动员作为参与者，采用高速红外运动捕捉系统采集运动员右上肢和右下肢关节的运动学数据，同时使用高速摄像机测量打击效果。根据挥拍时长，采用两步聚类算法将挥拍数据分为快拉和慢拉两种类型。快拉的三个阶段用时更短，球速更快、旋转更强。与慢拉相比，快拉三个下肢关节的位移更短，三个上肢关节的线速度更快。此外，膝关节和踝关节的运动角度更小，髋关节、肩关节和肘关节的角度更大，角速度更高。增加下肢的伸展速度、加快肘关节的弯曲速度和增加手腕的运动速度，可以实现快拉，提高球速和旋转。髋关节小而快速的运动可以有效地将能量传递到上肢，提高肘关节和手腕关节的运动速度，从而提高击球的球速和旋转。
