Giuliani Cesidio, Di Dalmazi Giulia, Bucci Ines, Napolitano Giorgio
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Oct 4;13(10):1202. doi: 10.3390/antiox13101202.
Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables. For its antiproliferative, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants activities, it is an active ingredient of several herbal remedies and is available as a nutraceutical. Experimental studies performed in vitro have demonstrated that quercetin inhibits growth and function in normal thyroid cells and may act as a thyroid disruptor. These effects have also been confirmed in vivo using rodent models. Some studies have reported the ability of quercetin to interfere with the metabolism of thyroid hormones, since it inhibits the 5'-deiodinase type 1 (D1) activity in the thyroid, as well as in the liver. Besides the effects on normal thyroid cells, several experiments performed in vitro have shown a potential therapeutic role of quercetin in thyroid cancer. Indeed, quercetin inhibits the growth, the adhesion and the migration of thyroid cancer cells, and it also has redifferentiation properties in some thyroid cancer cell lines. In conclusion, these data suggest that, although its effects can be of benefit in hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer, caution is required in the use of high doses of quercetin due to its anti-thyroid properties. Further in vivo studies are certainly needed to confirm these hypotheses.
槲皮素是水果和蔬菜中含量最丰富的类黄酮。因其具有抗增殖、抗病毒、抗炎和抗氧化活性，它是几种草药疗法的活性成分，并且作为一种营养保健品可供使用。体外进行的实验研究表明，槲皮素会抑制正常甲状腺细胞的生长和功能，可能充当甲状腺干扰物。使用啮齿动物模型在体内也证实了这些作用。一些研究报告了槲皮素干扰甲状腺激素代谢的能力，因为它会抑制甲状腺以及肝脏中的1型5'-脱碘酶（D1）活性。除了对正常甲状腺细胞的作用外，体外进行的多项实验表明槲皮素在甲状腺癌中具有潜在的治疗作用。确实，槲皮素会抑制甲状腺癌细胞的生长、黏附和迁移，并且在一些甲状腺癌细胞系中还具有再分化特性。总之，这些数据表明，尽管其作用可能对甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺癌有益，但由于其抗甲状腺特性，在使用高剂量槲皮素时需要谨慎。肯定需要进一步的体内研究来证实这些假设。
