Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 11;25(20):10926. doi: 10.3390/ijms252010926.
Circadian rhythms, the internal timekeeping systems governing physiological processes, significantly influence skin health, particularly in response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Disruptions in circadian rhythms can exacerbate UVR-induced skin damage and increase the risk of skin aging and cancer. This review explores how circadian rhythms affect various aspects of skin physiology and pathology, with a special focus on DNA repair. Circadian regulation ensures optimal DNA repair following UVR-induced damage, reducing mutation accumulation, and enhancing genomic stability. The circadian control over cell proliferation and apoptosis further contributes to skin regeneration and response to UVR. Oxidative stress management is another critical area where circadian rhythms exert influence. Key circadian genes like brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 () and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput () modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and signaling pathways to protect cells from oxidative stress. Circadian rhythms also affect inflammatory and immune responses by modulating the inflammatory response and the activity of Langerhans cells and other immune cells in the skin. In summary, circadian rhythms form a complex defense network that manages UVR-induced damage through the precise regulation of DNA damage repair, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and hormonal signaling. Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into developing targeted skin protection and improving skin cancer prevention.
昼夜节律是调节生理过程的内部计时系统，对皮肤健康有重要影响，尤其是对紫外线辐射 (UVR) 的反应。昼夜节律的紊乱会加剧 UVR 引起的皮肤损伤，增加皮肤衰老和癌症的风险。本综述探讨了昼夜节律如何影响皮肤生理学和病理学的各个方面，特别关注 DNA 修复。昼夜节律调节可确保 UVR 诱导损伤后的最佳 DNA 修复，减少突变积累，增强基因组稳定性。昼夜节律对细胞增殖和凋亡的控制进一步促进了皮肤再生和对 UVR 的反应。氧化应激管理是昼夜节律发挥作用的另一个关键领域。关键的昼夜节律基因，如脑和肌肉 ARNT 样蛋白 1 (BMAL1) 和周期节律基因 2 (PER2)，调节抗氧化酶和信号通路的活性，以保护细胞免受氧化应激。昼夜节律还通过调节炎症反应和朗格汉斯细胞及皮肤中其他免疫细胞的活性来影响炎症和免疫反应。总之，昼夜节律形成了一个复杂的防御网络，通过精确调节 DNA 损伤修复、细胞增殖、凋亡、炎症反应、氧化应激和激素信号来管理 UVR 诱导的损伤。了解这些机制为开发有针对性的皮肤保护和改善皮肤癌预防提供了思路。
