Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 19;25(20):11271. doi: 10.3390/ijms252011271.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and fatal brain cancer, characterized by a high growth rate, invasiveness, and treatment resistance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) poses a challenging task for chemotherapeutics, resulting in low efficacy, bioavailability, and increased dose-associated side effects. Despite the rigorous treatment strategies, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide, overall survival remains poor. The failure of current chemotherapeutics and other treatment regimens in glioblastoma necessitates the development of new drug delivery methodologies to precisely and efficiently target glioblastoma. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a better therapeutic option in glioblastoma, considering their small size, ease of diffusion, and ability to cross the BBB. Liposomes are a specific category of nanoparticles made up of fatty acids. Furthermore, liposomes can be surface-modified to target a particular receptor and are nontoxic. This review discusses various methods of liposome modification for active/directed targeting and various liposome-based therapeutic approaches in the delivery of current chemotherapeutic drugs and nucleic acids in targeting the glioblastoma and tumor microenvironment.
胶质母细胞瘤是最具侵袭性和致命性的脑癌，其特征是生长速度快、侵袭性强且对治疗有抗性。血脑屏障（BBB）和血脑肿瘤屏障（BBTB）的存在给化疗药物带来了挑战，导致疗效低、生物利用度低和增加剂量相关的副作用。尽管采用了包括手术切除、放疗和替莫唑胺辅助化疗在内的严格治疗策略，总体生存率仍然很差。目前化疗药物和其他治疗方案在胶质母细胞瘤中的失败，需要开发新的药物输送方法来精确有效地靶向胶质母细胞瘤。考虑到其体积小、易于扩散和能够穿透血脑屏障，基于纳米颗粒的药物输送系统为胶质母细胞瘤提供了更好的治疗选择。脂质体是由脂肪酸组成的一种特殊纳米颗粒。此外，脂质体可以进行表面修饰以靶向特定受体，且毒性低。本综述讨论了脂质体修饰的各种方法，用于主动/直接靶向，以及各种基于脂质体的治疗方法，用于递送当前的化疗药物和核酸，以靶向胶质母细胞瘤和肿瘤微环境。
