绿地和噪声暴露对缺血性卒中风险的影响：黎巴嫩的一项病例对照研究。
The Effects of Green Spaces and Noise Exposure on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study in Lebanon.
机构信息
INSERM U955-E01, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France.
École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Oct 19;21(10):1382. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21101382.
BACKGROUND
Environmental surroundings reduce the rate of several diseases, especially those related to stressful events. Ischemic stroke can be affected by such events, either directly or through its risk factors. Therefore, the present study evaluates the effects of green spaces and noise exposure on the risk of ischemic stroke.
METHODS
A case-control study was carried out, including 200 ischemic stroke cases within the first 48 h of diagnosis and 200 controls, divided equally into hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants. Controls were matched to cases based on age and gender. Socio-demographic characteristics were assessed, in addition to environmental surroundings and noise exposure at home and at workplaces.
RESULTS
Living in a house, having a house garden, and taking care of the garden were associated with a lower risk of suffering an ischemic stroke ( < 0.001, < 0.001, and = 0.009, respectively). However, having buildings as the view from home led to a higher stroke rate ( < 0.001). Working in an urban area, the workplace being surrounded by buildings, and the workplace not being surrounded by green spaces were also associated with a higher risk of suffering an ischemic stroke ( = 0.002, = 0.001, and = 0.03, respectively). As for noise exposure, being exposed to traffic noise, human noise, and other types of noise was significantly associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke, while being exposed to higher levels of natural noise was significantly associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke. Higher levels of noise were also associated with higher risks of ischemic stroke in homes and workplaces ( < 0.001 and = 0.008, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Environmental surroundings and noise exposure were found to affect the risk of ischemic stroke. Greater green spaces and lower noise exposure play a protective role against ischemic stroke, suggesting a possible prevention strategy through environmental modifications at home and workplaces.
背景
环境可以降低多种疾病的发病率，尤其是与应激事件相关的疾病。缺血性脑卒中可能会受到这些因素的直接或间接影响。因此，本研究旨在评估绿色空间和噪声暴露对缺血性脑卒中风险的影响。
方法
采用病例对照研究，纳入发病后 48 小时内的 200 例缺血性脑卒中患者和 200 例对照，按年龄和性别进行 1:1 配对。评估了社会人口学特征、家庭和工作环境中的绿色空间和噪声暴露情况。
结果
居住在独门独院的房子里、拥有花园和打理花园与缺血性脑卒中风险降低相关（<0.001、<0.001 和=0.009）。然而，从家中看到建筑物会增加中风风险（<0.001）。在城市地区工作、工作场所周围有建筑物且工作场所周围没有绿色空间与缺血性脑卒中风险增加相关（=0.002、=0.001 和=0.03）。对于噪声暴露，交通噪声、人为噪声和其他类型噪声的暴露与缺血性脑卒中风险增加显著相关，而较高水平的自然噪声与较低的缺血性脑卒中风险显著相关。在家庭和工作场所，噪声水平较高与缺血性脑卒中风险增加显著相关（<0.001 和=0.008）。
结论
环境和噪声暴露会影响缺血性脑卒中的风险。增加绿色空间和降低噪声暴露可以起到预防缺血性脑卒中的作用，这提示了通过改善家庭和工作场所环境来预防脑卒中的可能策略。
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