Is Downregulated in EBV+ Tonsils of Children with Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) is a heterogeneous phenotype that is increasing in prevalence worldwide and has many potential comorbidities that could severely affect quality of life. There is a need to identify biomarkers for oSDB and its comorbidities to improve clinical management, particularly in children. We performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, differential expression analysis, and qPCR replication of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA samples extracted from tonsils of children with oSDB. Two variables were used as classifier, namely, detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tonsils and need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Standard statistical tests were used to determine associations across clinical, EBV, and DEG variables. Nineteen genes were dysregulated in tonsils that are EBV+ or from children needing CPAP. Of these genes, was downregulated in both EBV+ and CPAP+ tonsils, and this downregulation was replicated by qPCR in an independent set of pediatric samples. In the tonsils of adult patients with oSDB, was positively correlated with age, and potentially with diastolic blood pressure. Taken together, and DEGs in tonsillar tissues may be useful as potential biomarkers of oSDB severity and comorbidity across the lifespan, with levels being dependent on latent EBV infection.