Condac Constantin, Lozneanu Ludmila, Matasariu Daniela Roxana, Ursache Alexandra, Bujor Iuliana Elena, Niță Maria Elena, Boiculese Vasile Lucian, Sava Mihai, Țăroi Paula, Bîrluțiu Victoria
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, "Cuza Vodă" Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania.
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Lucian Blaga", 550169 Sibiu, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 15;13(20):6140. doi: 10.3390/jcm13206140.
The trophoblast is a significant source of vitamin D synthesis during pregnancy, with the literature suggesting its role in fetal growth. We aim to underline a possible mechanism that would explain negative fetal outcomes in COVID-19-positive mothers by examining the relationship between altered placental structure and function and throphoblast cells' vitamin D receptor levels. The study included 170 placental samples collected from women who gave birth at term without complications, divided into three groups: COVID-19-positive and unvaccinated, COVID-19-negative and vaccinated, and COVID-19-negative and unvaccinated, with exclusion criteria for any other medical complications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, and immediate fetal outcomes (weight and Apgar score) were assessed. We found lower gestational age at birth, lower birth weight, and reduced placental VDR (vitamin D receptor) levels in COVID-19-positive women compared to COVID-19-vaccinated and COVID-19-negative women. The presence of the vitamin D receptor in the placenta is related to fetal and placental growth. Its deficiency may contribute to negative fetal outcomes in COVID-19-positive cases.
滋养层是孕期维生素D合成的重要来源，文献表明其在胎儿生长中发挥作用。我们旨在通过研究胎盘结构和功能改变与滋养层细胞维生素D受体水平之间的关系，强调一种可能解释新冠病毒检测呈阳性的母亲出现不良胎儿结局的机制。该研究纳入了170份从足月分娩且无并发症的女性身上采集的胎盘样本，分为三组：新冠病毒检测呈阳性且未接种疫苗的、新冠病毒检测呈阴性且接种疫苗的、新冠病毒检测呈阴性且未接种疫苗的，并排除了任何其他医学并发症的标准。采用免疫组织化学（IHC）检测维生素D受体（VDR）表达，并评估即时胎儿结局（体重和阿氏评分）。我们发现，与接种新冠疫苗的女性和新冠病毒检测呈阴性的女性相比，新冠病毒检测呈阳性的女性出生时孕周更小、出生体重更低，胎盘VDR（维生素D受体）水平也更低。胎盘中维生素D受体的存在与胎儿和胎盘的生长有关。其缺乏可能导致新冠病毒检测呈阳性的病例出现不良胎儿结局。
