El-Kassas Mohamed, Alboraie Mohamed, Elbadry Mohamed, El Sheemy Reem, Abdellah Mohamed, Afify Shimaa, Madkour Ahmad, Zaghloul Mariam, Awad Abeer, Wifi Mohamed-Naguib, Al Balakosy Amira, Eltabbakh Mohamed
Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11731, Egypt.
Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
World J Clin Cases. 2023 Jan 26;11(3):493-505. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.493.
During the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), diagnosis was difficult due to the diversity in symptoms and imaging findings and the variability of disease presentation. Pulmonary manifestations are reportedly the main clinical presentations of COVID-19 patients. Scientists are working hard on a myriad of clinical, epidemiological, and biological aspects to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection, aiming to mitigate the ongoing disaster. Many reports have documented the involvement of various body systems and organs apart from the respiratory tract including the gastrointestinal, liver, immune system, renal, and neurological systems. Such involvement will result in diverse presentations related to effects on these systems. Other presentations such as coagulation defects and cutaneous manifestation may also occur. Patients with specific comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have increased morbidity and mortality risks with COVID-19.
在由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的早期阶段，由于症状和影像学表现的多样性以及疾病表现的变异性，诊断较为困难。据报道，肺部表现是COVID-19患者的主要临床表现。科学家们正在临床、流行病学和生物学等诸多方面努力工作，以更好地了解SARS-CoV-2感染，旨在减轻这场持续的灾难。许多报告记录了除呼吸道外，包括胃肠道、肝脏、免疫系统、肾脏和神经系统等各种身体系统和器官受到累及。这种累及将导致与这些系统受影响相关的多种表现。还可能出现其他表现，如凝血缺陷和皮肤表现。患有肥胖、糖尿病和高血压等特定合并症的患者感染COVID-19后发病和死亡风险增加。
