Kraus Vladimír, Čižmárová Beáta, Birková Anna
Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
Microorganisms. 2024 Oct 21;12(10):2102. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12102102.
is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes listeriosis, a severe foodborne illness that is particularly dangerous during pregnancy. It thrives in diverse environments, including refrigerated conditions and food production facilities, due to its adaptability to varying temperatures, pH levels, and salt concentrations. Its virulence stems from the ability to invade host cells, particularly macrophages and epithelial cells, and avoid, or at least postpone, immune detection by utilizing virulence factors such as internalins, listeriolysin O, and actin assembly-inducing protein. This intracellular motility and biofilm formation make LM a persistent pathogen in food safety and public health. Pregnant women are at a much higher risk of listeriosis, which can result in serious fetal complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm labor due to LM's affinity for placental tissues. The vertical transmission of LM from mother to fetus can lead to neonatal listeriosis, which can result in sepsis and meningitis, with high mortality rates if not promptly treated. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, such as ampicillin or gentamicin, are crucial for maternal and neonatal outcomes.
是一种革兰氏阳性细菌，可引起李斯特菌病，这是一种严重的食源性疾病，在怀孕期间尤其危险。由于其对不同温度、pH值和盐浓度的适应性，它能在包括冷藏条件和食品生产设施在内的各种环境中茁壮成长。它的毒力源于侵入宿主细胞，特别是巨噬细胞和上皮细胞的能力，并通过利用内化素、李斯特菌溶血素O和肌动蛋白组装诱导蛋白等毒力因子来避免或至少推迟免疫检测。这种细胞内运动和生物膜形成使单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌成为食品安全和公共卫生方面的持久性病原体。孕妇感染李斯特菌病的风险要高得多，由于单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌对胎盘组织的亲和力，这可能导致严重的胎儿并发症，如流产、死产和早产。单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌从母亲垂直传播给胎儿可导致新生儿李斯特菌病，这可能导致败血症和脑膜炎，如果不及时治疗，死亡率很高。早期使用抗生素（如氨苄青霉素或庆大霉素）进行诊断和治疗对母婴结局至关重要。
