Rodrigues Manuel Ângelo, Correia Carlos Manuel, Arrobas Margarida
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 17;13(20):2909. doi: 10.3390/plants13202909.
In this study, the effectiveness of an inoculant containing a nitrogen (N)-fixing microorganism () was evaluated on maize ( L.) grown both in the field (silage maize) and in pots over two years (2021 and 2022). The field trial included the following two treatments: with (Yes) and without (No) the inoculant. The pot experiment was designed as a factorial arrangement with two factors: the application of the inoculant (Yes and No) and N applied to the soil (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g pot). In the field, total dry matter yield (DMY) did not differ significantly between treatments, although the average DMY was higher in the inoculant treatment. In pots, the total DMY varied significantly across all N rates but was only significantly affected by the inoculant application in 2022. N fixation estimates in the field were 58.8 and 14.5 kg ha for 2021 and 2022, respectively, representing 23.7% and 9.1% of the N recovered in the aboveground plant parts. In pots, the estimated fixed N values were -49.2 and 199.2 mg pot in 2021 and 2022, respectively, which corresponded to -5.2% and 18.5% of the N found in the aboveground plant parts. Considering the average values obtained across the four cultivation conditions, there was a positive outcome for the treated plants. However, these values cannot be considered significant when compared to nitrogen removal in maize crops. A commercial product should provide an unequivocal and quantitatively relevant contribution to plant nutrition, which did not appear to be the case. Thus, for this inoculant to provide reliable guarantees of positive outcomes for farmers and become a useful tool in promoting more sustainable agriculture, further studies appear necessary. These studies should aim to determine in which crops and under what cultivation conditions the application of the inoculant is truly effective in enhancing N fixation and improving crop productivity.
在本研究中，对一种含有固氮微生物的接种剂在田间（青贮玉米）和盆栽条件下种植两年（2021年和2022年）的玉米（ L.）上的效果进行了评估。田间试验包括以下两种处理：使用（是）和不使用（否）接种剂。盆栽试验设计为二因素析因试验，两个因素分别为：接种剂的施用（是和否）以及施用于土壤的氮（0、0.4、0.8和1.6 g/盆）。在田间，尽管接种剂处理的平均干物质产量较高，但各处理间的总干物质产量（DMY）差异不显著。在盆栽中，所有施氮水平下的总DMY差异显著，但仅在2022年受接种剂施用的显著影响。2021年和2022年田间的固氮量估计分别为58.8和14.5 kg/ha，分别占地上部植物器官中回收氮的23.7%和9.1%。在盆栽中，2021年和2022年估计的固氮值分别为-49.2和199.2 mg/盆，分别相当于地上部植物器官中氮含量的-5.2%和18.5%。考虑到在四种种植条件下获得的平均值，处理后的植株有积极的结果。然而，与玉米作物的氮去除量相比时，这些值不具有显著性。一种商业产品应该对植物营养提供明确且在数量上相关的贡献，但本研究中情况并非如此。因此，要使这种接种剂为农民提供积极结果的可靠保证并成为促进更可持续农业的有用工具，似乎有必要进行进一步研究。这些研究应旨在确定接种剂在哪种作物以及何种种植条件下能真正有效地增强固氮作用并提高作物生产力。
