Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Viruses. 2024 Sep 28;16(10):1536. doi: 10.3390/v16101536.
One of the major factors hindering efficient livestock production is the presence of high-impact infectious animal diseases, such as foot and mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD), and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), which are notable viral infections affecting cattle in Egypt, leading to significant economic losses. FMD is caused by the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) of the genus in the family. LSD is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of genus within the family, subfamily . BEF is caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) of genus in the family. FMD is a highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild cloven-hooved animals and can spread through the wind. On the other hand, LSD and BEF are arthropod-borne viral diseases that mainly affect domestic cattle and water buffalo. Despite government vaccination efforts, these three viral diseases have become widespread in Egypt, with several reported epidemics. Egypt's importation of large numbers of animals from different countries, combined with unregulated animal movements through trading and borders between African countries and Egypt, facilitates the introduction of new FMDV serotypes and lineages not covered by the current vaccination plans. To establish an effective control program, countries need to assess the real epizootic situation of various infectious animal diseases to develop an efficient early warning system. This review provides information about FMD, LSD, and BEF, including their economic impacts, causative viruses, global burden, the situation in Egypt, and the challenges in controlling these diseases.
一种主要的畜牧业生产障碍因素是高影响力的传染性动物疾病的存在，例如口蹄疫（FMD）、块状皮肤病（LSD）和牛暂热症（BEF），这些都是影响埃及牛的显著病毒性传染病，导致重大经济损失。FMD 是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）引起的，属于 科。LSD 是由块状皮肤病病毒（LSDV）引起的，属于 科，亚科 。BEF 是由牛暂热症病毒（BEFV）引起的，属于 科。FMD 是一种高度传染性的家畜和野生动物的病毒性传染病，可以通过风传播。另一方面，LSD 和 BEF 是节肢动物传播的病毒性疾病，主要影响家畜牛和水牛。尽管政府进行了疫苗接种努力，但这三种病毒性疾病在埃及已经广泛传播，并有几起疫情报告。埃及从不同国家进口大量动物，加上非洲国家和埃及之间的贸易和边界的不受管制的动物流动，促进了新型 FMDV 血清型和谱系的引入，这些血清型和谱系不在当前疫苗接种计划范围内。为了建立有效的控制计划，各国需要评估各种传染性动物疾病的真实流行情况，以制定有效的早期预警系统。本综述提供了有关 FMD、LSD 和 BEF 的信息，包括它们的经济影响、病原体病毒、全球负担、埃及的情况以及控制这些疾病的挑战。
