Salehi Sarah
School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2025 Apr;36(5):647-662. doi: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2419715. Epub 2024 Oct 26.
Restoring cartilage to healthy state is challenging due to low cell density and hence low regenerative capacity. The current platforms are not compatible with clinical translation and require dedicated handling of trained personnel. However, by engineering and implanting cell microaggregates in higher concentrations, efficient formation of new cartilage can be achieved, even in the absence of exogenous growth factors. Therefore, one-step surgeries are preferable for novel treatments and we need cell laden microgels allowing the formation of microaggregaets . Injectability is a key parameter for forming the shape and minimally invasive clinical applications. Hydrogels as bioinks can restore damaged tissues to their primary shape. Chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from chitin with abundant usage in tissue engineering. This review highlights the use of chitosan as an injectable hydrogel for osteochondral defects. Several studies focused on encapsulating mesenchymal stem cells within chitosan hydrogels have been categorized and incorporating microfluidic devices has been identified in the forefront to form microgels. Additionally, the printability is another convenience of chitosan for using in 3D printing for cartilage tissue engineering which is described in this review.
由于细胞密度低，再生能力也低，因此将软骨恢复到健康状态具有挑战性。目前的平台与临床转化不兼容，需要经过培训的人员进行专门处理。然而，通过以更高浓度设计和植入细胞微聚集体，即使在没有外源性生长因子的情况下，也能实现新软骨的有效形成。因此，对于新的治疗方法，一步手术是更可取的，我们需要能够形成微聚集体的载细胞微凝胶。可注射性是形成形状和微创临床应用的关键参数。水凝胶作为生物墨水可以将受损组织恢复到其原始形状。壳聚糖是一种由甲壳素衍生而来的多糖，在组织工程中有广泛应用。本综述重点介绍了壳聚糖作为可注射水凝胶用于治疗骨软骨缺损的情况。已经对几项将间充质干细胞封装在壳聚糖水凝胶中的研究进行了分类，并确定了将微流控装置用于形成微凝胶的前沿研究。此外，壳聚糖在用于软骨组织工程的3D打印中的可打印性是本综述中描述的另一个便利之处。
