Eslami Maysa, Pakmehr Azin, Pourghazi Farzad, Kami Atefe, Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat, Mohajeri-Tehrani Mohammadreza, Hasani-Ranjbar Shirin, Larijani Bagher
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Dec;64:370-389. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.153. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
The growing prevalence of obesity has become a major concern worldwide, therefore a great number of studies are conducted every day in the field of obesity. Since postbiotics are a newly introduced term, there is not much systematic evidence about their function and impact on obesity. We designed this study to systematically review the effect of different types of postbiotics on obesity.
A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases up to August 2023. Both human and animal interventional studies that investigated the effects of any type of postbiotic on obesity and obesity-related factors were eligible. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently by two researchers. The quality of the studies was appraised using Cochrane and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE's) risk of bias tool.
Of the 19373 retrieved studies, finally, 49 studies were included (9 human studies and 40 animal studies). Short-chain fatty acids and heat-killed (inactivated) bacteria were the most used postbiotics. In human clinical trials, inactivated Lactobacillus amylovorus (CP1563), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (CECT 8145) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (LP28) were administered orally as postbiotics which improved body composition and anthropometric indices. Animal studies evaluated other types of postbiotics including muramyl dipeptide, cell-free extracts, urolithin A&B, extracellular Vesicles, exopolysaccharides, and surface Layer Proteins, supporting the anti-obesity effects of postbiotics.
Postbiotics seem to be a safe intervention and the results were in favor of a reduction in adipogenesis as well as an increase in energy expenditure. Further high-quality studies are required in this relatively new topic.
肥胖患病率的不断上升已成为全球主要关注的问题，因此肥胖领域每天都在进行大量研究。由于后生元是一个新引入的术语，关于其功能以及对肥胖的影响，目前尚无太多系统性证据。我们设计了本研究，旨在系统评价不同类型后生元对肥胖的影响。
截至2023年8月，使用PubMed、SCOPUS和Web of Science数据库进行了系统检索。研究任何类型后生元对肥胖及肥胖相关因素影响的人类和动物干预性研究均符合纳入标准。由两名研究人员独立进行筛选、数据提取和质量评估。使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具和实验动物系统评价中心（SYRCLE's）的偏倚风险工具对研究质量进行评估。
在检索到的19373项研究中，最终纳入49项研究（9项人类研究和40项动物研究）。短链脂肪酸和热灭活细菌是最常用的后生元。在人类临床试验中，灭活的解淀粉乳杆菌（CP1563）、动物双歧杆菌乳亚种（CECT 8145）和戊糖片球菌（LP28）作为后生元口服给药，可改善身体成分和人体测量指标。动物研究评估了其他类型的后生元，包括胞壁酰二肽、无细胞提取物、尿石素A和B、细胞外囊泡、胞外多糖和表层蛋白，支持后生元的抗肥胖作用。
后生元似乎是一种安全的干预措施，其结果有利于减少脂肪生成以及增加能量消耗。在这个相对较新的领域，还需要进一步开展高质量研究。
